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Cornell University Library
THE GIFT OF
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
Cornell University
The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text.
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924072675410
MINNESOTA ALGAE VOLUME I
THE MYXOPHYCEAE OF NORTH AMERICA AND ADJACENT REGIONS INCLUDING CENTRAL AMERICA, GREENLAND, BERMUDA, THE WEST INDIES AND HAWAII
JOSEPHINE TILDEN
Assistant Professor of Botany University of Minnesota
REPORT OF THE SURVEY BoTANICAL SERIES VIII
MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA APRIL 1, 1910
A
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE BoarD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY - FOR THE PEOPLE OF MINNESOTA EpITION 2,500 Copies
PREFACE
Although the recent appearance of the last volume of De Toni’s “Syl- loge Algarum,” the “Myxophyceae,’ has removed some of the greatest difficulties which confront the student of this branch of Algology, yet, with the general literature concerning the blue-green algae in its present state, he has a vexatious problem before him if he attempt to work to any purpose in this group of plants. The original specific descriptions with their accompanying notes and figures, are scattered far and wide, many of them in foreign periodicals and rare works. In general these cannot be obtained in more than a very few of the largest botanical libra4 ties. In the United States, at least, there is much need for a work in English, suitable for use as a general hand-book, which shall contain de- scriptions and illustrations of these plants. On the other hand, such a work ought not to be written until a considerable amount of information has been obtained from all parts of the country. An accurate treatise of this sort should be prepared only as a result of general investigation car- ried on by a large number of workers over the entire area to be covered, at all seasons of the year. For instance, many species have so far been reported from a single locality, which without doubt are growing in pro- fusion in other parts of the country. Without question numerous new epenies await discovery when the study of the group has become more gen- eral.
It would seem then that two books need to be written, one as a cause and one as a result of such investigation. If the present treatise proves to be of use as a foundation or ground-work for the second volume, and if it shall be the means of assisting those who are disposed to follow this fascinating branch of microscopic study, the hopes of the author will be realized. The work has been prepared with a view to answering the need of such botanists as do not have access to the special libraries and of others who have not unlimited time to devote to the looking up of litera- ture. Special prominence has been given, in the arrangement of the text, to two features. The student has constantly before him practically all that is known relating to the geographical distribution and the recorded history of each plant in American localities. To quote from Mr. G. S. West, “One cannot emphasize too much the importance of a sound knowl- edge of the geographical distribution of some of the more lowly types of Cryptogams. . . . Such a knowledge, which can only be acquired by the patient labors of the systematist, will throw much light on one of the most interesting of all problems concerned with the later phases of the earth’s history, namely, the land-connections of previous periods.” It is very much hoped that this volume may encourage interest on the part of general botanists, high school teachers, college students, physicians and bacteriologists in these little plants which are of late coming to be con- sidered of importance even outside of botanical circles.
In the present volume the author has brought together the specific descriptions of all the blue-green algae so far known to exist in North America and the adjacent regions (including the Arctic Regions, Alaska, Greenland, Canada, Newfoundland, Labrador, the United States, Lower California, Mexico, Central America, the Bermudas, the Bahamas, the West Indies and the Hawaiian Islands). In addition there are figures illustrating many of the species. The figures have been photographed from the original and redrawn. A number of them are original with the author. An attempt has been made to have the figures all drawn to the same scale which may be an improvement over the ordinary method. Very simple keys are furnished for the families, genera and species. The second paragraph of each specific description contains the names in chronological order of a number of articles and works referring to the species in question. It is
iv Minnesota Algae
believed that the plan of writing out in full the author’s name and the title of his article will prove a great saving in time for the one who uses the book. In the case of amateurs it will also serve to give in a short time an intimate knowledge of the names of algologists and an idea of the work already done in the group.
The descriptions in general follow those of Gomont, Bornet, Thuret and Flahault. Constant reference has of course been made to Forti’s re- cent volume. Wherever possible the original descriptions have been con- sulted. Possibly a mistake has been made in not repeating the synonym after each title. Instead each synonym has been inserted but once, follow- ing the first article in which it occurs. The principal aim of the book, however, is to encourage original investigatidm in the field among the plants themselves. For a full list of synonyms, reference must be made to De Toni’s “Myxophyceae.”
I wish to tender my best thanks to Dr. Frederic E. Clements for advice and much kind assistance during the preparation and publication of this volume which was undertaken at his request. To Miss Charlotte Waugh I am much indebted for her painstaking work upon the pen and ink draw- ing of the figures.
The author hopes that several persons in each state or section of the country may decide to undertake a systematic and careful investigation of the blue-green algae in their neighborhoods, and would be very glad to enter into a correspondence with such workers.
JOSEPHINE E. TILDEN.
Kimberly Road, Epsom, Auckland, New Zealand, December 21, 1909.
MY XOPHYCEAE
(Cyanophyceae. Schizophyceae) The Blue-Green Algae
Algae typically blue-green, the coloring matter being a mixture of two pigments, chlorophyll and phycocyanin; pigments of other colors sometimes present.
Plant body unicellular or multicellular, sometimes endowed with a peculiar motion; plants existing usually in gelatinous masses, sometimes solitary among other algae.
Reproduction always asexual, either by simple cell division in one, two or three directions of space, or by means of hormogones (multicellular fragments of the plant body, at first motile, afterwards coming to rest), or by means of non-motile gonidia formed within gonidangia, or by means of resting gonidia (formed from ordinary cells).
Habitat: Plants found in fresh, brackish or salt water, in hot springs, in mineral springs, in aerial situations, or as endophytes.
Order I. Coccogoneae. Plants unicellular, single or associated in families or colonies which are usually surrounded by a copious gelatinous integument, rarely forming filaments; reproduction occurs commonly by the vegetative division of cells, rarely by the formation of non-motile go- nidia from the division of the contents of a gonidangium (mother cell).
Order II. Hormogoneae. Plants multicellular, filamentous, attached to a substratum or free-floating; filaments simple or branched, usually consisting of one or more rows of cells within a sheath; reproduction occurs by means of hormogones or resting gonidia,
Order I. COCCOGONEAE
Family I. Chroococcaceae, Plants showing no difference between basal and apical regions, solitary or associated in families or colonies;
2 Minnesota Algae
reproduction by vegetative division of cells in one, two or three directions of space.
Family II. Chamaesiphonaceae. Plants often showing a difference be- tween basal and apical regions, solitary or associated in families or col- onies, usually epiphytic or attached to shells;. reproduction by means of non-motile gonidia formed by the division of the contents of a mother cell (gonidangium).
Family I. CHROOCOCCACEAE
1. Plants solitary or associated in small, indefinite families or colonies, not surrounded by a common (colonial) gelatinous tegument.
1 Cells spherical; reprodtiction by cell division in three directions
Chroococcus 2 Cells spherical; reproduction by cel! division in one direction only Synechocystis 3 Cells oblong, ellipsoidal or cylindrical; sheath wanting; reproduction by cell division in one direction only Synechococcus 4 Cells cylindrical or oblong-conical; sheaths. thick, hyaline; reproduc- tion by cell division in one direction only Chroothece
II. Plants associated in families or colonies, surrounded by a common gelatinous tegument.
1 Colonies without definite shape (1) Individual sheaths usually thick, remaining through many divi- sions, sheath of original mother-cell surrounding entire colony A Cells spherical a Cells enclosed in a vesicle-like, thick, colorless or colored sheath, spherical (after division oblong), single or in colonies; cell contents blue-green, or of various colors
Gloeocapsa b Cells surrounded by an elliptical membrane, forming colonies, arranged in short filaments Entophysalis
c Cells surrounded by thick sheath, forming spherical colonial masses; plant mass cushion-like, cartilaginous, incrusted with lime at base, curled at periphery Chondrocystis
B Cells elongate a Cells cylindrical-oblong, surrounded by a thick, mucous sheath, solitary or forming small colonies Gloeothece (2) Individual sheaths not distinct; colony surrounded by common tegument formed of dissolved individual sheaths A Cells spherical (or angular from mutual pressure); cell division in all directions Aphanocapsa B_ Cells oblong; cell division in one direction Aphanothece 2 Colonies having a definite characteristic shape (1) Colonies free-floating
Myxophyceae 3
A Cells having an indefinite arrangement, forming several layers a Cells spherical or oblong; colony spherical or oblong, solid
Microcystis b Cells spherical; colonies of variable shape, at first solid, becom- ing saccate and clathrate Clathrocystis ce Cells pear-shaped or heart-shaped; colony spherical or ellip- soid, solid Gomphosphaeria B Cells having a definite arrangement, forming a single layer o1
cube a Colonies spherical, hollow (a) Cells spherical, lying just within the periphery of the colony Coelosphaerium (b) Cells spherical or elongate; individual sheaths distinct Coelosphaeriopsis b Colonies flat “(a) Cells of some definite or symmetrical shape, quadrangular or triangular, solitary or forming colonies Tetrapedium (b) Cells spherical; colonies rectangular Merismopedium c Colonies cubical, solid; cells spherical or elliptical
: Eucapsis (2) Colonies adherent to substratum
A Cells spherical or elongate, regularly arranged in radial rows; colonies cushion-like, hard, leathery, verrucose
Oncobyrsa B Cells spherical or oval, irregularly arranged in radial rows; col- onies irregularly lobed, epiphytic Chlorogloea
Genus CHROOCOCCUS Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 45. 1840.
Plants either free-floating or forming a gelatinous or crust-like plant mass in damp places, in fresh or salt water, or within the tissues of other plants, occurring as spherical or angular cells, each surrounded by a more or less definite sheath, solitary or united in twos, fours, eights, etc., but not ‘held together in definite colonies by a common gelatinous tegument; sheaths thin or wide, homogeneous or lamellose, colorless or colored; cell contents homogeneous or granular, usually of a blue-green color, sometimes violet, olive-green, orange or yellowish; reproduction by successive division of the cells alternately in three directions of space.
I Sheaths hyaline, often lamellose; cell contents orange or yellowish. 1 Cells less than 3 mic. in diameter C. rubrapunctus 2 Cells more than 15 mic. in diameter (1) Plant mass yellowish green; cells 25-50 mic. in diameter C. macrococcus ; (2) Plant mass orange-colored; cells 19-34 mic. in diameter : C. turicensis
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ese an
4 Minnesota Algae
II Sheaths hyaline, yellowish or brownish, often lamellose; cell contents blue-green, rarely olive-brown, reddish-green, brownish-violet or copper-red.
1 Cells not embedded in a gelatinous mass, mostly solitary among other algae (1) Sheaths thick, distinctly lamellose; cell contents blue-green
A Sheaths colorless; cells 13-25 mic. in diameter C. turgidus
B Sheaths yellowish or brownish; cells 5.8-11 mic. in diameter C. schizodermaticus
(2) Sheaths not lamellose A Cells 5-7 mic. in diameter C. minutus
B Cells 1.7 mic. in diameter C. multicoloratus
C Growing in hot water; cells 1-1.5 mic. in diameter C. thermophilus
2 Cells embedded in a gelatinous mass, not free-floating (1) Sheaths lamellose A Sheaths slightly lamellose; plants 4-8 mic. in diameter C. varius
B_ Sheaths lamellose, finally irregularly peeling off; plants 6-11 mic. in diameter C. decorticans
(2) Sheaths not lamellose, sometimes scarcely visible A Plants 5 mic. in diameter, mostly subquadrate, often triangular, rarely multiangular; sheaths scarcely perceptible C. refractus
B Plants 4-7.5, rarely 9 mic., in diameter, spherical C. helveticus
C Plant mass pale yellowish; sheaths oblong-elliptical; cells 7.5-13 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green, yellowish or orange C. pallidus D_ Plant mass green, later becoming black; sheaths distinct, ellipsoid; cells 2.7-6.6 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green C. cohaerens
E Plant mass blue-green or olive; sheaths scarcely visible; plants 3-4 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green C. minor
F Plant mass lead-colored or green becoming black; sheaths thick, mucous; plants 3-8 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green C. membraninus 3 Cells embedded in a gelatinous, free-floating mass (1) Plants 8-13 mic. in diameter, much crowded; cell contents green or blue-green C. limneticus (2) Plants 13 mic. in diameter, usually in groups of two; groups lying apart from each other; cell contents grayish-purple C. purpureus
Myxophyceae 5
1. Chroococcus rubrapunctus Wolle. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 181. 1877. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:8. 1907.
Plants 2-2.5 mic. in diameter, spherical, single or in masses, aquatic;
sheaths thin, gelatinous; cell contents homogeneous, yellowish-orange, sur- rounding a large orange-red area.
Pennsylvania. Not infrequent on boarded sides of basins and old tim- bers. (Wolle).
2. Chroococcus macrococcus (Kuetzing) Rabenhorst. Flora Europaea Al- garum. 2: 33. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 8. 1907. Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex -Insulis Sand-
censibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 3. 1878. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 614. 1905. Plate I. fig. 1.
Plant mass more or less extensive, mucous, somewhat thick, yellowish- green; plants 30-80 mic. in diameter, spherical, single or in pairs or fours; sheaths thick, lamellose, colorless, later irregularly peeling off; cells 25-50 mic. in diameter; cell contents homogeneous, yellowish, orange or dark- colored.
Greenland. (Boergesen). Hawaii. In stagnant water, Volcano Mauna Kea. Island of Hawaii. (Berggren).
3. Chroococcus turicensis (Naegeli) Hansgirg. Prodr. Algenfl. Bohman. 2: 160. f. 58b. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:9. 1907.
Plate I. fig. 2.
Plant mass gelatinous, smooth, orange-colored; plants spherical, single or in pairs or. fours; sheaths moderately thick; cells 19-34 mic. in diameter; cell contents finely granular, orange-colored, rarely blue-green.
Greenland. (Boergesen).
4, Chroococcus turgidus (Kuetzing) Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 46. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 11. 1907.
Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sandvi- censibus. 3. 1878. Dickie. On the Algae found during the Arctic Expedi- tion. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 9. 1880. Farlow. Marine Algae New Eng- land, 27. 1881. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 334. pl. 210. f. 40, 41. 1887. Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 16. 1888; Marine Algae of Nantucket. 4. 1888. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 116. 1888. Wolle and Martin- dale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2:612. 1889. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 89. 1889. Mackenzie. A Preliminary List of Algae collected in the neighborhood of Toronto. Proceedings of Canadian Institute. III. 7: 270. 1890. Anderson. List of California Marine Algae, with notes. Zoe. 2: 217. 1891. Col- lins. Algae. Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 249. 1894. West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 275. 1895. Setchell. Notes on Cyan-
6 Minnesota Algae
ophyceae. III. Erythea 7:54. 1890. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 16. no. 751. 1900. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New Eng- land Plants—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora 2: 41. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 396. 1901. Setchell and Gard- ner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 179. 1903. Riddle. Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Lemmermann. Al- genfl, Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 614. 1905.
Plate I. fig. 3.
Plants spherical, oblong-ellipsoid or more or less angular from com- pression, single or associated in families of two, four, rarely eight; sheaths thick, usually lamellose, hyaline; cells 13-25, rarely 40 mic. in diameter; cell wall thin; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green, later becoming brownish and granular.
Arctic regions. Among Nostoc. Shores of Discovery Bay. (Dickie). Alaska, Distributed through a mass of Microcystis marginata which formed a slimy coating on a perpendicular cliff over which water was trickling. Juneau. (Saunders): Among other algae in pools of fresh water er on dripping rocks. Glacier Valley. Unalaska. (Lawson). Canada. High Park. Toronto, Ontario. (Mackenzie). Maine. Common among various al- gae in lagoon. Little Cranberry Isle. (Collins). Massachusetts. On slimy rocks and piers. Cape Ann. (Davis). On woodwork near high water mark. Everett. Medford. (Collins), On woodwork. County of Nantucket. (Collins). Connecticut. (Collins). Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). New York. Pier. Stapleton, Staten Island; on rocks in brook near Silver
Lake, spring and summer. (Pike). New Jersey. Terrestrial. On moist rocks. Frequent. (Wolle). Ohio. Brush Lake. Champaign County. Fall of 1902.. (Riddle). Washington. In brackish water. Whidbey Island.
(Gardner). California. On slimy rocks and cliffs at high water. (Ander- son). In fresh, brackish and even in somewhat alkaline waters. (Setchell). West Indies. Among various algae. Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler). Hawaii. In stagnant water. Mauna Kea. Island of Hawaii. (Berggren).
Var. fuscescens (Kuetz.) De Toni. Richter. Siisswasseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. Heft. 42. 3. 1897. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 13. 1907.
Cell contents becoming dark-colored.
Greenland. Umanak. (Vanhdffen).
5. Chroococcus schizodermaticus West. Algae of English Lake District. Journ. Roy. Mic. Soc. 742. pl. 10. f. 61, 63. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:13. 1907. West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 275. pl. 16. f. 19. 1895. Flate I. fig. 4.
Plants 21-42 mic. in diameter, somewhat globose or triangular, some-
Myxophyceae 7
times kidney-shaped associated in colonies of two, three or four; colonies solitary or in small groups; sheaths very thick, straw-colored or dark-col- ored, strongly lamellose, (lamellae 5-10), finally irregularly peeling off; cells 5.8-11 mic. in diameter; cell wall somewhat thick; cell contents gran- ular, blue-green.
West Indies. On damp wall of dam. Sharp’s River. St. Vincent. (El- liott). ;
6. Chroococcus minutus (Kuetzing) Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 46. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:14. 1907. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 20. no. 951. 1902. Plants 6-9 mic. in diameter, 10-13 mic. in length, spherical or oblong, more or less angular, usually united in twos; sheaths somewhat orbicular, hyaline, distinct; cells 5-7 mic. in diameter, 9-10 mic. long; cell contents homogeneous or granular, pale blue-green.
Maine. Growing in high pool. Cape Rosier. July 1898. (Collins).
7. Chroococcus multicoloratus Wood. Fresh-Water Algae North America. i. pl. 5. f. 6. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 11. 1907.
Plate J. fig. 5.
In a mucous mass with other algae; plants 3 mic. in diameter, spherical and single, or angular, semi-spherical or irregular and associated in oblong families of from two to four (rarely eight); sheaths thick, hyaline, not lamel- lose; cells 1.7 mic. in diameter; cell contents mostly homogeneous, some- times minutely granular, yellowish-green, bluish-green, yellowish, brownish, blackish, sometimes tinged with bright lake.
Pennsylvania. On wet rocks. Near Philadelphia. (Wood).
8. Chroococcus thermophilus Wood. Am. Journ. Sci. Arts. 122. 1869; Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 12, 1872, De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 10. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 335. 1887.
Plants subglobose or oblong, angular, single or in twos or fours, associ- ated in families; sheaths very thick, transparent, not lamellose, homogene- ous; cells 1-1.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents sometimes minutely granular, sometimes homogeneous, greenish.
California. In Nostoc colonies. In hot springs (100°-120°F.) Benton’s Spring. Owen’s Valley, sixty miles southwest from the town of Aurora. (Partz).
9. Chroccoccus varius A. Braun in Rabenhorst. Die Algen Europas. no. 246, 248, 2456. 1861-78. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:21. 1907.
Tilden, American Algae. Century II. no. 198. 1896; Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 104. pl. 8. f. 21. 1898; Am. Alg. Cent. VI. no. 600. 1902. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.- Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1202. 1905.
Plant mass gelatinous-mucous, dull brown or olive green; plants 4-8 mic. in diameter, globose, single or in twos or fours, rarely forming larger fam-
8 Minnesota Algae
ilies which occur as shapeless bunches; sheaths of medium thickness, hya- line, very slightly lamellose, often pale yellow or orange in color, almost opaque; cells 2-4 mic. in diameter; cell contents pale bluish gray or bluish green, sometimes yellowish,
Massachusetts. On walls of greenhouse. Botanic Garden. Cambridge. January 1899. (Collins). Montana. In hot springs. Lo Lo Hot Springs. Lo Lo. September 1808. (Griffiths). Wyoming. On rocks near vent of geyser. Sometimes heated. Norris Geyser Basin. June 1896. In overflow from spring, temperature 41° C. Frying Pan Basin, July 1806. Yellowstone National Park. (Tilden). Forming a green coating on floor of overflow channel. Temperature 49° C. Constant Geyser, Norris Geyser Basin; in acid waters, Green Spring, between Norris Geyser Basin and Beaver Lake. Yellowstone National Park. 1897. (Weed).
Dr. Setchell is undoubtedly right in placing the Yellowstone specimens in the genus Pleurocapsa. (See P. caldaria.)
10. Chroococcus decorticans A. Braun. Betracht. ueber die Erschein. Ver- jung. in der Natur. 194. 1851. De Toni. Syl]. Algar. 5: 18. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 181. 1877.
Plants 6-11 mic. in diameter, single or associated in families of two or four; sheaths distinct, lamellose, finally irregularly peeling off; cell wall solid, colorless; cell contents blue-green.
Pennsylvania. Submerged timbers. (Wolle).
11. Chroococcus refractus Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 11. pl. 5. f. 5. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:20. 1907. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 10. 7908.
Plants 5 mic. in diameter, mostly subquadrate, very often triangular, rarely multiangular, closely associated in solid families; families often lobed; sheaths thin, scarcely perceptible, transparent; cell contents finely granular, brownish, olive-green, or yellowish, highly refractive.
Pennsylvania. Growing abundantly on wet rocks along the Reading Railroad between Manayunk and the Flat Rock tunnel. (Wood). Iowa. Ames. 1884. (Bessey).
12, Chroococcus helveticus Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 46. pl. 1. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:17. 1907.
Lagerheim. Ueber einige Algen aus Cuba, Jamaica und Puerto-Rico. Bot. Notiser. 199. 1887.
Plants 4-7.5 mic., rarely 9 mic. in diameter, spherical, associated in fam- ilies of two, four or eight; sheaths spherical, gelatinous, scarcely visible; cell wall very thin, colorless; cell contents homogeneous or somewhat gran- ular, blue-green or greenish, pale or yellowish in color.
West Indies. On Utricularia in stagnant water. Near Fajardo. Porto Rico. April 1885. (Sintenis).
Myxophyceae 9
13. Chroococcus pallidus Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 46. pl. 1. f. 2. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:19. 1907.
Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Commission Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903.
Plant mass mucilaginous, pale yellowish; plants 7.5-13 mic. in diameter, globose, single or in families of two, four or eight; sheaths oblong-elliptical, colorless; cells 6-11 mic. in diameter; cell walls somewhat thick, homogene- ous, hyaline; cell contents finely granular, greenish, yellowish or orange, rarely bluish or blue-green.
Ohio. Put-in-Bay. Lake Erie. Summers of 1898, 1899, 1900. (Snow).
14. Chroococcus cohaerens (Brébisson) Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 46. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:21. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 335. pl. 210. f. 42. 1887. Webber. The Fresh-Water Algae of the Piains. Am. Nat. 23: 1011. 1889. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 16. pl. 1. f. 1. 1894. West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 275. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.- Am. Fasc. 15. no. 701. 1900. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden,—II. Rhodora. 7: 235. 1905.
Plant mass green, or later becoming greenish black, gelatinous; sheaths distinct, hyaline, ellipsoid; cells 2.7-6.6 mic. in diameter, globose or oblong, in twos or fours forming colonies 7-15 mic. in diameter; cell wall thin; cell contents homogeneous or slightly granular, of a turbid, blue-green color.
United States. On damp walls, rocks, etc. (Wolle). Maine. On shaded cliffs. Eagle Island. Penobscot Bay. July 1892. (Collins). Con- necticut. Among other algae, on abutment of Factory Pond dam. Decem- ber. (Holden). Nebraska. Stagnant water. Thedford. (Webber, Saun- ders). West Indies. Amongst other algae on trees. Summit of Trois Pitons (4500 ft.). Dominica. November and December, 1892. (Elliott).
i5. Chroococcus minor (Kuetzing) Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 47. pl. 1 A. f. 4. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 23. 1907.
West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies.
Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 275. 1895. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Addi-
tions to the reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5:12. 1901.
Plate I. fig. 7 Plant mass mucous-gelatinous, dull blue-green or olive green; 4-4 mic. in diameter, rotund, single or in pairs, angular; sheaths mucous, scarcely visible; cell walls very thin, hyaline; cell contents homogeneous, usually pale bluish-green.
Nebraska. In aquarium. Lincoln. (Bessey). West Indies..On damp wall of dam. Sharp’s River. St. Vincent; on trees. Summit of Trois Pitons (4500 ft.). Dominica. (Elliott).
Forma minima W. and G. S. West. loc. cit. 275. pl. 16. f. 18. 1895.
Cells 1-1.9 mic. in diameter; families 10-23 mic. in diameter.
10 Minnesota Algae
West Indies. With the type from the above-named localities. On lime trees. Shanford Estate. Dominica. (Elliott).
16. Chroococcus membraninus (Meneghini) Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 46. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 23. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1201. 1905.
Plant mass somewhat membranaceous, mucous, lead-colored to green, becoming blackish; plants 3-8 mic. in diameter, globose or subglobose, sin- gle, or associated in families of twos or fours; families 8-26 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick, mucous, hyaline; cell walls thick, colorless; cell contents minutely granular, blue or blue-green.
California. Forming a zone, yellowish red just above, and blue-green just below, the edge of the water, very low, in “The Lagoon,” Niles, Ala- meda County. November 1898. (Setchell).
17. Chroococcus limneticus Lemmermann. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Planktonalgen. Bot. Centralb. 76: 153. 1898. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:16. 1907.
Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Commission Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903.
Plate I. fig. 8.
Plant mass floating free; tegument wide; plants 8-13 mic. in diameter, much crowded, before division globose, after division hemispherical: sheaths hyaline, distinct, lamellose; cell contents greenish or pale blue-green.
Ohio. Put-in-Bay. Lake Erie. Summers of 1898, 1899, 1900. (Snow).
18. Chroococcus purpureus Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Commission Bull. for 1902. 22: 388. 390. 1903.
Plate I. fig. 9.
Plant mass gelatinous, floating free; tegument wide; plants 13 mic. in diameter, spherical, or just before division elongated, usually arranged two by two in colonies of four or eight; sheaths thin; cell contents grayish-pur- ple, changing to brown under unfavorable conditions.
Ohio. Common in the plankton of Lake Erie. Put-in-Bay. (Snow).
Genus SYNECHOCYSTIS Sauvageau. Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 39: cxv. 1892.
Plants always globose; sheaths none; cell walls thin not diffluent; cell contents blue-green; reproduction by division of the cells in one direction only.
19. Synechocystis aquatilis Sauvageau. Sur les Algues d’eau douce récol- tées en Algérie pendant la session de la Société Botanique en 1802. Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 39: cxvi. pl. 6. f. 2. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:26. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1206. 1905.
Myxophyceae II
Plate I. fig. to.
Submerged; plants 5-6 mic. in diameter, single or in pairs; cell walls hyaline, very thin; cell contents pale blue-green.
California. On the outside of a dripping water tank. Berkeley. April 1904. (Gardner).
Genus SYNECHOCOCCUS Naegeli. Gatt. Einz, Alg. 56. pl. 1. 1849.
Plants oblong, cylindrical or ellipsoidal, usually single, occasionally forming families of two or four united in a row or chain; sheaths none; cell walls thin; cell contents blue-green, sometimes yellowish, pinkish or pale orange; reproduction by division of the cells in one direction only.
I Cell contents blue-green. I Cells 7-15 mic. in diameter, 14-26 mic. in length §S. aeruginosus 2 Cells 2 mic. in diameter, 4-6 mic. in length S. racemosus 3 Growing in hot salt water; cells 3 mic. in diameter, 6 mic. in length S. curtus
20. Synechococcus aeruginosus Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 56. pl. 1 E. f. 1. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:27. 1907.
Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the. White Mountains. Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. Tilden. Am. Alg. Cent. II. no. 195. 1896; On some Algal Stalactites of the Yellowstone National Park. Bot. Gaz. 24: 198. pl. 8. f. 6. 1897, Observations on some West American Thermal Al- gae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 103. 1808. Collins. Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904.
Plate I. fig. 11.
Plants 7-15 mic. in diameter, 14-26 mic. in length, oblong or somewhat cylindrical, obtusely rotund at both ends, single or in pairs; cell contents homogeneous, light or pale blue-green.
Greenland. (Boergesen). New Hampshire. Moist rocks at the Flume. Lake Willoughby. (Farlow). Wyoming. One of the three species of Blue-green algae which formed algal “stalactites.” Growing in a small cave made by the cone of a geyser. Valley of the Nez Perces Creek. Lower Geyser Basin. Yellowstone National Park. June 1896. (Til- den).
21. Synechococcus racemosus Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 8:37. 1881. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 28. 1907.
Plant mass amorphous, blue-green; plants 2 mic. in diameter, two to four times longer than broad, oblong-cylindrical, with rounded ends, often showing a regular vertical arrangement, densely aggregated; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green.
Pennsylvania. Glass sides of aquarium. Bethlehem. (Wolle).
22, Synechococcus curtus Setchell in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 28. no. 1351. 1907.
12 Minnesota Algae
Plants 3 mic. in diameter, 6 mic. long just before dividing, slightly elongated, single or united by strands of transparent jelly; cell walls very thin, scarcely visible; cell contents pale bluish-green.
California. Floating in myriads in hot salt water, near Key Route power house. Oakland. September 1905. (Gardner).
Genus CHROOTHECE Hansgirg. Oesterr. Bot. Zeit. 34: pl. 1. 1884.
Plant mass somewhat gelatinous, dark-yellowish; plants cylindrical or oblong-conical, with rotund ends, single or in pairs; sheaths wide, lamellose, hyaline, increasing greatly in thickness at one pole; cell contents distinctly granular, bright blue-green or orange-yellow; reproduction by division of the cells in one direction only.
I Plants 18-24 mic. in diameter C. richteriana Il Plants 1.5 mic. in diameter C. cryptarum III Plants 11-12.5 mic. in diameter C. monococca
23. Chroothece richteriana Hansgirg. Bot. Notiser. 128. 1884; Prodromus der Algenflora von Bohmen. 2: 134. f. 45. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5:29. 1907. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 702. 1900. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. Igo!.
Plate I. fig. 12.
Plant mass somewhat gelatinous, thick, more or less expanded, blue- green or yellowish, becoming darker; plants 18-24 mic. in diameter, once to twice as long as wide, single or in pairs; sheaths up to 6 mic. in diameter, somewhat colorless.
Bermudas. On rocks. The Flats. Bermuda. January 1900. (Farlow). West Indies. Among other algae, in small quantity. Montego Bay. (Pease and Butler).
24. Chroothece ? cryptarum Farlow in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 16. no. 752. 1900. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 30. 1907.
Plant mass irregular, gelatinous, widely expanded, of a pale blue-green or dirty yellow color; plants 1.5 mic. in diameter, 3 mic. in length, oblong or rod-shaped; sheaths gelatinous, colorless, becoming lamellate and devel- cping below into densely branching Urococcus-like stalks, 7-9 mic. in diameter, 25-50 mic. in length; cell contents blue-green, without definitely shaped chromatophore; cell division usually in one, occasionally in two directions.
Bermudas. On calcareous rocks in caves by the seashore. Bermuda. January 1900. (Farlow).
25. Chroothece monococca (Kuetzing) Hansgirg. Prodromus der Algen- flora von Béhmen. 2: 134. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:30. 1907.
Plant mass amorphous, gelatinous, blue-green; families 15-20 mic. in
diameter; plants 11-12.5 mic. in diameter, up to twice as long as broad, ellip-
Myxophyceae 13
soid or oblong, obtusely rounded on both ends, single or in pairs; cells 4-6 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green.
Var. mellea (Kuetz.) Hansgirg. loc. cit. 135. 1892. De Toni. loc. cit. 31.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. IJ. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 137. 1877. (Gloeocapsa mellea Kuetz.).
Cell contents yellowish-red or yellowish-brown. Colorado. (Wolle).
Genus °GLOEOCAPSA Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 174. 1843.
Plants spherical (or immediately after division oblong), either single or a number associated in families; each cell enclosed in a vesicle-like. strongly thickened, usually distinctly lamellose sheath; sheaths often very thick, colorless or colored, usually lamellose; lamellae often peeling off; cell contents blue-green, bluish, steel-blue, reddish, yellowish, etc.; repro- duction by division of .the cells alternately in three directions.
When a cell divides into two daughter-cells, each one secretes a sheath about itself, the two still being enclosed by the sheath of the mother-cell. As division goes on, the sheath of the original cell remains enveloping the entire family, and in fact all the sheaths remain in existence. Therefore, there will always be one less than twice as many sheaths as there are cells in the family (in a family of four cells there will be seven sheaths; in a family of sixteen cells there will be thirty-one sheaths). Later genera- tions of cells are smaller than the first ones.
I Sheaths colorless 1 Sheaths lamellose (1) Sheaths wide A Plant mass steel blue, green, olive or dull yellow; plants 7-8 mic. in diameter; sheaths very wide, indistinctly lamellose; cells 3-5 mic. in diameter G. granosa B Plant mass dull green or olive; plants 3-4.5 mic. in diameter; sheaths very thick, with numerous concentric lamellae G. polydermatica
C Plant mass green; plants 7-15 mic. in diameter; sheaths very thick, more or less distinctly lamellose; cells 2.2-3.4 mic. in diameter G. fenestralis
D Plant mass somewhat olivaceous; plants 6-17 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick; cells 3.7-6 mic. in diameter G. arenaria
(2) Sheaths narrow A Plant mass pale yellow becoming greenish; growing in hot water; plants 19-39 mic. in diameter; cells 3-6 mic. in diameter G. montana
B Plant mass mucilaginous, dull green or gray becoming blackish, or red becoming brownish; plants 7-11 mic. in diameter; cells 3-4.5 mic. in diameter G. quaternata
C Plant mass a calcareous crust, light gray or green; plants 6-9 mic. in diameter G. calcarea
14 Minnesota Algae
D Plant mass gelatinous, brownish, growing on Zostera; sheaths numerous, distinct; cells 9-11 mic. in diameter, 19-26 mic. in length G. zostericola
2 Sheaths sometimes lamellose (1) Plant mass blue-green or greenish; sheaths not distinctly lamellose A Free-floating; cells .75-2.8 mic. in diameter G. punctata
B On wet rocks; plants 4-8 mic. in diameter; cells 2-3 mic. in diameter G. aeruginosa (2) Plant mass olive or green; plants 6.2-10 mic. in diameter; sheaths narrow, lamellose when old; cells 2.5 mic. in diameter G. gelatinosa (3) Plant mass dull olive; plants 7-11 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick, not at all or scarcely lamellose; cells 3-6 mic. in diameter G. conglomerata
3 Sheaths not lamellose (1) Plant mass flesh-colored to yellowish; plants 2.5-5.5 mic. in diam- eter; cell contents flesh-colored to honey-colored G. mellea (2) Plant mass black; plants 9-14 mic. in diameter; cells 3.5-4.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents pale blue-green G. atrata
II Sheaths yellowish or brownish 1 Sheaths lamellose : (1) Plant mass dull olive to brownish-green; sheaths colorless or yel-
lowish G. muralis (2) Plant mass grayish-brown to black; sheaths very thick, yellowish or orange, becoming darker C. rupestris
2 Sheaths sometimes lamellose (1) Plants 4.5-5.5 mic. in diameter; sheaths usually not lamellose; cells 1.5-2 mic. in diameter G. fusco-lutea
(2) Plants 12 mic. in diameter; sheaths homogeneous or lamellose; cells 3-4.5 mic. in diameter G. sparsa
(3) Colonies subglobose; sheaths somewhat lamellose; cells 9-15 mic. in diameter G. gigas 3 Sheaths not lamellose; plant mass olive-green; plants 5-8 mic. in diameter G. crepidinum
III Sheaths violet, purple or red. 1 Sheaths lamellose (1) Plant mass purple, sometimes becoming black A Sheaths deep purple or copper-brown; plants 6-12 mic. in diameter G. magma B_ Sheaths violet or reddish-purple; plants 7.5-12 mic. in diameter; cells 2-4.5 mic. in diameter G. janthina
Myxophyceae ES
C Sheaths very thick, opaque, intensely lamellose; plants 10-17 mic. in diameter; cells 4-7 mic. in diameter G. ralfsiana
2 Sheaths sometimes lamellose; plant mass colorless or dark purple, growing in hot water; plants 6-7.8 mic. in diameter; cells 1-2.6 mic. in diameter G. thermalis
3 Sheaths not lamellose
(1) Plant mass violet becoming gray or black A Plants 4-8 mic. in diameter; sheaths violet, thick, often opaque; cells 1.8-2.5 mic. in diameter G. ambigua
B Plants 10-17 mic. in diameter; sheaths violet or rose-colored; cells 3.5 mic. in diameter G. violacea
(2) Plant mass reddish-orange, dark red or black A Plants 11-24 mic. in diameter; sheaths very thick, soon peeling off G. dubia
B_ Sheaths intensely blood-red, very wide; cells 3.5-9 mic. in diameter G. sanguinea
26. Gloeocapsa granosa (Berkeley) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 36. f. VIII. 1845-1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 53. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:182. 1877. (Gloeothece granosa Rabenh.).
Plate I. fig. 13.
Plant mass compact, gelatinous, somewhat cartilaginous, granular, steel blue, green, olive, or dull yellow, more or less spreading; plants 7-8 mic. in diameter, globose or oblong, usually two or four in families 18-60 mic. in diameter; sheaths very wide, many times exceeding the lumen of the cell, indistinctly lamellose, colorless or nearly so; cells 3-5 mic. in diameter; cell contents homogeneous or granular, pale blue-green.
Pennsylvania. Wet rocks. (Wolle).
27. Gloeocapsa polydermatica Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 20. 1845-1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:51. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 331. pl. 210. f. 29-31. 1887. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 126. 1896. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 179. 1903.
Plate I. fig. 14.
Plant mass gelatinous, more or less compact, dull green or dusky olive; plants 3-4.5 mic. in diameter, spherical; sheaths very thick, hyaline, lamel- lose, with numerous concentric firm lamellae; cell contents somewhat homogeneous, blue-green or green.
Alaska. On dripping rocks. Near Iliuliuk, Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). Massachusetts. On dripping rocks. Cascade, Middlesex Fells.
16 Minnesota Algae
(Collins). Pennsylvania. (Wolle). Hawaii. Volcano Mauna Kea, Island of Hawaii. (Berggren).
28. Gloeocapsa fenestralis Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 173. 1843. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:53. 1907. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903.
Plate I. fig. 15.
Plant mass thin, mucous, expanded, irregular, green; plants 7-15 mic. in diameter, spherical or oblong, associated in families 16-48 mic. in diam- eter; sheaths very thick, colorless, more or less distinctly lamellose, often quickly peeling off; cells 2.2-3.4 mic. in diameter; cell contents homogeneous or granular, pale blue-green. :
Ohio. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow).
29. Gloeocapsa arenaria (Hassall) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 39. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 54. 1907.
West. The Freshwater Algae of Maine. Journ. of Bot. 27: 207. 1889. Bessey. Miscellaneous Additions to the Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebras- ka. 2: 46. 1893. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 16. pl. 1. f. 3. 1894. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14:9. 1909.
Plate I. fig. 16.
Plant mass mucous, adherent, olivaceous; plants 6-17 mic. in diameter, spherical, associated in families up to 43 mic. in diameter; sheaths oblong or somewhat spherical, thick, colorless, lamellose,; soon peeling off; cells 3-7-6 mic. in diameter; cell contents distinctly granular, blue-green or green, becoming darker.
Maine. (West). Minnesota. Near Minneapolis. (Lilley). Iowa. Abundant on flower pots in greenhouse. Ames. 1904. (Buchanan). Forming thin blue-green coating on damp stones. Grinnell. 1905. (Fink). Nebras-
*ka. On flower pots in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Saunders).
30. Gloeocapsa montana Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 173. no. 1. 1843. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 51. 1907. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 197. 18906. (Gl. montana cal- darii Sur.).
Plate I. fig. 17.
Plant mass amorphous, somewhat thick, mucous, pale yellow, becoming greenish; plants 19-39 mic. in diameter, spherical or somewhat spherical, usually solitary; sheaths lamellose, colorless, sometimes peeling off; cells 3-6 mic. in diameter; cell contents somewhat opaque, homogeneous, or slightly granular, pale blue-green.
Wyoming. In warm overflow water. Lower Geyser Basin, Yellow- stone National Park. June 1896. (Tilden).
Myxophyceae 17
31. Gloeocapsa quarternata (Brébisson) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 20. f. 1. 1845-1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:52. 1907.
Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. V. no. 499. 1901; Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. 113. IQOT; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 168. 1902.
Plate I. fig. 18.
Plant mass mucous, gelatinous, more or less spread out, dull, green becoming blackish, or red becoming brownish; plants 7-11 mic. in diameter, usually spherical, solitary or in twos or fours; sheaths narrow, lamellose, colorless, rotund or oblong; cells 3-4.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents homo- geneous or slightly granular, blue-green or greenish.
West Indies. Roadside. Bath. Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler). Hawaii. Forming a gray-green, mucilaginous coating, on wet cliffs, South of Laupahoehoe, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).
32. Gloeocapsa calcarea Tilden. List of fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 29. 1808. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:40. 1907. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III. no. 299. 1898.
Plant mass forming a calcareous crust, light gray to light blue-green in color, 2-3 mm. in thickness; plants 6-9 mic. in diameter; families 25-50 mic. in diameter, composed of from 4-16 plants; sheaths colorless, somewhat thin; cell contents granular, blue-green.
Wisconsin. Forming a calcareous crust (with other lime-secreting forms) on boards where spring water from trough drips down constantly. Osceola. September 1897. (Tilden).
33. Gloeocapsa zostericola Farlow. Notes on New England Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 9: 68. 1882. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:57. 1907.
Plant mass amorphous, gelatinous, brownish; families 40-100 mic. in diameter; sheaths numerous, distinct (lamellose?); cells 9-11 mic. in diam- eter, 19-26 mic. in length, flattened-hemisperical, concave on the inner sur- face, in families of twos or fours.
Massachusetts. On Zostera mixed with Calothrix. Wood's Hole. August 1881. (Farlow).
34. Gloeocapsa punctata Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 51. pl. I F. f. 6. 1849.
Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie, etc. U.S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903.
Plant mass mucous, blue-green or gray; families 23 mic. wide, contain- ing 2-16 plants; sheaths thick, not distinctly lamellose; inner lamellae difflu- ent; cells .75-2.8 mic. in diameter, spherical; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green.
Ohio. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow.)
18 Minnesota Algae
35. Gloeocapsa aeruginosa (Carmichael) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 21. f. 2. 1845-1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 55. 1907.
Plate I. fig. 109.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. IJ. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:137. 1877; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 331. pl. 210. f. 27, 28. 1887. Moebius. Ueber ein- ige in Portorico gesammelte Siisswasser- und Luft-Algen. Hedwigia. 27: 248. 1888.
Plant mass crustaceous, grumose or cartilaginous-mucous, blue-green or gray-green; families 16-50 mic. in diameter; plants 4-8 mic. in diameter, spherical; sheaths thick, colorless, indistinctly lamellose; outer lamellae often sinuate, angular; cells 2-3 mic. in diameter; cell contents homogene- ous, blue-green.
Greenland. (Borgesen). New York. Niagara. (Wolle). West Indies. Forming a dark green layer on stone in cave. “El Convento”, near Penuelas, Porto Rico. (Sintenis). Porto Rico. (Benecke).
36. Gloeocapsa gelatinosa Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 174. 1843. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:54. 1907. Plate I. fig. 20.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:137. 1877. West and West. A further contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 289. 1898-1900.
Plant mass lubricous, bullose, olive or green, inundated; plants 6.2-10 mic. in diameter, globose-oblong, associated in families about 25 mic. in diameter; sheaths rather narrow, colorless, lamellose when old; lamellae permanent; cells 2.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents homogeneous, blue- green.
United States. (Wolle). West Indies. On banks. Morne Micotrin, Dominica. (Elliott).
37. Gloeocapsa conglomerata Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 16. pl. 20. f. 8. 1845- 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:56. 1907.
Plate I. fig. 21.
Plant mass gelatinous, somewhat granular, expanded, dull olive-green; plants 7-11 mic. in diameter, spherical, aggregated, associated in families 22- 45 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick, colorless, not at all or scarcely lamel- lose; cells 3-6 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green or green, becoming brownish.
Colorado. On Cladophora. (Porter, Wolle).
38. Gloeocapsa mellea Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 23. f. V. 1845-1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 46. 1907. Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull, Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 137. 1877. Plant mass soft, crustaceous, pale flesh-colored to yellowish; families 10-22 mic. in diameter; plants 2.5-5.5 mic. in diameter, spherical or angular, usually arranged in globose or oblong families of two or four; sheaths
Myxophyceae 19
hyaline, colorless, somewhat homogeneous; cell contents flesh-colored to honey-colored.
Colorado. On walls and bare earth, often mixed with other algae. (Wolle).
39. Gloeocapsa atrata (Turpin) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 21. f. 4. 1845- 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 57. 1907.
Plate I. fig. 22.
Plant mass crustaceous, mucous, black; plants 9-14 mic. in diameter, spherical; sheaths very thick, hyaline, or pale blue, homogeneous, two or three times as wide as lumen of cell; cells 3.5-4.5 mic. in diameter; cell con- tents somewhat granular, pale blue-green.
Alaska. (Setchell).
40. Gloeocapsa muralis Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 21. f. 1. 1845-1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 52. 1907.
Plate I. fig. 23.
Plant mass more or less expanded, delicate, gelatinous, dull olive to brownish-green; plants 13-26 mic. in diameter, usually ellipsoid or oblong; sheaths spherical or elliptical, hyaline, colorless or yellowish, usually indis- tinctly lamellose; cells 5-8 mic. in diameter; cell contents somewhat granu- lose, blue-green.
West Indies. St. Vincent. (West).
41. Glceocapsa rupestris Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 17. pl. 22. f. 2. 1845-1849. De Toni. Syl]. Algar. 5: 46. 1907. Tilden, American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 599. 1902. Plate I. fig. 24.
Plant mass grayish-brown to black, crustaceous, somewhat hard; plants spherical, associated in families 15-75 mic. wide; sheaths very thick, lam- ellose, yellowish or orange becoming darker; cells 6-9 mic. in diameter; cell contents granular, blue-green.
Greenland. (Boergesen). New Jersey. (Wolle). Minnesota. On moist wall growing on lime encrusted moss and on disintegrated limestone. In stone quarry. Near campus, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. November 1go1. (Lilley).
42. Gloeocapsa fusco-lutea (Naegeli) Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 224. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 47. 1907.
Plant mass crustaceous, becoming black; families 50 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval; plants 4.5-5.5 mic. in diameter, globose; sheaths yellow or yellowish-brown, usually not lamellose; cells 1.5-2 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green becoming pale.
North America. (Setchell).
43. Gloeocapsa sparsa Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 13. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 45. 1907.
20 Minnesota Algae
Plate I. fig. 25.
Plant mass mucous; plants 12 mic. in diameter, associated in families of from two to eight; cells 3-4.5 mic. in diameter, spherical, oval or oblong; sheaths having firm inner layer, homogeneous or lamellose, yellowish- brown, rarely colorless, outer layer homogeneous or lamellose, colorless or nearly so (generally scarcely visible); cell contents homogeneous.
Pennsylvania. Forming, with other algae, a rather firm, grumous or gelatinous coating of a light brown color, growing on rocks. Fairmount Water Works, near Philadelphia. (Wood).
44. Gloeocapsa gigas W. and G. S. West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 276. pl. 16. f. 11-13. 1895. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 47. 1907.
Plate I. fig. 26, 27.
Colonies subglobose, solitary or somewhat aggregated, consisting of from four to thirty-six cells; colonial tegument subglobose, hard, often somewhat rugose on surface, yellowish or brownish; sheaths indistinct, few, pale yellowish; cells 9-15 mic. in diameter, subglobose or oblong; cell walls smooth or finely granular; cell contents granular, blue-green.
West Indies. On damp wall of dam. St. Vincent. (Elliott).
45. Gloeocapsa crepidinum (Rabenhorst) Thuret. Notes Algologiques. 1: 2. pl. 1. f. 1-3. 1876. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 44. 1907.
Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 27. pl. 1. f. 1. 1881. Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 16, 1888; Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 309. 1888. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 95. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and adjacent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 89. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2:611. 1889. Anderson. List of California Marine Algae, with notes. Zoe. 2:217. 1891. Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 249. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 8 no. 351. 1897. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants—-V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900. Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no, 1151. 1904. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden,—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.
Plate I. fig. 28.
Plant mass gelatinous, somewhat soft, olive-green (becoming black when dried); plants 5-8 mic. in diameter, solitary or in twos or fours; sheaths yellowish-brown, not lamellose; cells 4-7 mic. in diameter,
Maine. Eastport. (Farlow.) On old logs in a salt marsh. Eagle Island, Penobscot Bay. July 1896. (Collins). Common on rocks, etc.: near high-
water mark. (Collins). Massachusetts. Gloucester. (Farlow). On wood- work near high-water mark. Everett; Medford. (Collins). Rhode Island. Newport. (Farlow). Connecticut. On stonework; on wharf logs. Strat-
ford Shoals. May, September. (Holden). New York. Staten Island. (Pike). New Jersey. On wharves. Atlantic City. (Morse, Martindale).
Myxophyceae 21
California. On wharves at high water. On northern and middle coasts. (Anderson). Forming gelatinous masses on logs floating in salt water. Alameda. September 1903. (Osterhout, Gardner).
46. Gloeocapsa magma (Brébisson) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 17. pl. 22. f. 1. 1845-1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 35. 1907.
Dickie. Algae. in Hooker. An account of the plants collected by Dr. Walker in Greenland and Arctic’ America during the Expedition of Sir Francis M’Clintock, R. N., in the Yacht “Fox”, 21 June 1860. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 86. 1861. (Sorospora montana Harv.); Notes on a collection of Algae procured in Cumberland Sound by Mr. James Taylor, and remarks on Arctic species in general. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9: 242. 1867. Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sand- vicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 3. 1878. Dickie. On the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17:9. 1880. Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Appa- lachia. 3: 236. 1883. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 331. pl. 210. f. 26-31. 1887. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 612. 1880. Collins, Holden and Setch- ell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 4. no. 151. 1806. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 126. 1896. Richter. Siisswasseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. Heft. 42. 3. 1897. Collins. Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 229. 1904. Lemmermann, Al- genfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 614. 1905. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.
Plate I. fig. 29.
Plant mass grumous, crustaceous, coppery-purple, becoming black when dried; families 30-70, rarely 300 mic. in diameter; plants 6-12 mic. in diam- eter, spherical; sheaths lamellose, deep purple or copper-brown, usually not pellucid, the external layer very broad, globose, paler or colorless, soon diffluent; cells 4.5-7 mic. in diameter, spherical; cell contents blue-green, granular, often becoming brownish.
Dominion of Canada. Fresh water. Port Kennedy. (Walker). Cumber- land Sound, Davis Strait. (Taylor). Marshes, Floeberg Beach, 82° 27’N.
(Dickie). Greenland. Fresh water brook. Karaiak, near south end of Nunataks, Umanakdistrikt. 1892, 1893. (Vanhdffen). United States. Forming a purplish-brown, grumous thallus. (Wolle). New Hampshire.
Common on wet stones at the top of Cabot Mountain, Shelburne. (Far- low). One of the species composing the brown coating of the wall of “The Flume.” September 1904. (Collins). Massachusetts. Forming a dark purplish slimy coating on perpendicular wet rocks. Middlesex Fells. June 1895. (Collins). New Jersey. On shaded rocks. (Wolle). Minnesota. On rocks. Taylor’s Falls. July 1896. (Fink). Iowa. On granitic boulders. Fayette. (Fink). Hawaii. Mauna Kea. Island of Hawaii; on stones. Island of Oahu. (Berggren).
Var. itzigsohnii (Bornet) Hansgirg. Prodromus der Algenflora von Bohmen. 2: 147. 1892. De Toni. Syl]. Algar. 5: 36. 1907.
22 Minnesota Algae
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:137. 1877. (G. itzigsohnii Bornet).
Plant mass brownish-red; families 15-60 mic. in diameter; sheaths con- spicuously lamellose, the inner layers coppery-red, the outer ones paler or colorless; cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, globose or ellipsoid; cell contents greenish.
Pennsylvania. Shaded rocks. (Wolle).
47. Gloeocapsa janthina Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 51. pl. 1 F. f. 5. 1840. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:40. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 137. 1877. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1205. 1905.
Plant mass crustaceous, black; plants 7.5-12 mic. in diameter, spherical; sheaths violet or reddish-violet, outer layers paler, sometimes peeling off; cells 2-4.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents pale blue-green.
Greenland. (Boergesen). Massachusetts. On dripping masonry under railroad bridge. Melrose. August 1902. (Collins). New York. Cliffs. Niagara. (Wolle).
48. Gloeocapsa ralfsiana (Harvey) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 23. 1845- 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 37. 1907.
Plate I. fig. 30.
Plant mass gelatinous, compact, dull dusky purple; plants 10-17 mic. in diameter, associated in families of from 2-8 cells; sheaths very thick, opaque, intensely purple, the outer layers very wide, nearly colorless, usual- ly angular from pressure, sometimes diffluent; cell contents granular, pale blue-green.
Greenland. In Parmelia saxatilus. (Wullschlaegel).
49. Gloeocapsa thermalis Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 614. pl. 7. f. 12-18. 1905. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 36. 1997.
Plate I. fig. 31.
Plant mass mucous, hyaline or dark-purple; families 2-8 celled, usually oblong, 8-11 mic. in length; plants, including sheath, 6-7.8 mic. in diameter, globose, often solitary; sheaths hyaline or dark purple, granular; cells 1-2.6 mic. in diameter, globose, pale blue-green.
Hawaii. In hot water. Volcano of Mauna Kea. Island of Hawaii. 1896-97. (Schauinsland).
50. Gloeocapsa ambigua Naegeli in Kuetz. Spec. Algar. 220. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 41. 1907.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 179. 1903. (G. ambigua f. fuscolutea Naeg.)
Plant mass crustaceous, viclet becoming black; families about 62 mic. in diameter; plants 4-8 mic. in diameter, spherical; sheaths violet, usually opaque not lamellose; cells 1.8-2.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents finely granular, blue-green.
Myxophyceae 23
Alaska. In mountain stream. Orca. (Jepson).
51. Gloeocapsa viclacea (Corda) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 41. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 39. 1907.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 196. 1896; On some Algal stalac- tites of the Yellowstone National Park. Bot. Gaz. 24:108. pl. 8 f. 5. 1897; Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 103. 1808. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 551. 1899. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden,—II. Rho- dora. 7: 235. 1905.
Plate I. fig. 32.
Plant mass thin, mucous or gelatinous, dull violet or grayish-violet; families about 100 mic. in diameter; plants 10-17 mic. in diameter, globose; sheaths not lamellose, violet or rose-colored; outer layers colorless, hyaline, very wide; cells 3.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents granular, blue-green.
Alaska. (Setchell). Connecticut. “On vertical face of moist lime- stone, east side of road and a few rods from it, a mile or so from the station on the road to Bull’s Bridge.” Gaylordsville. October 1898. (Holden). Wyoming. Valley of the Nez Perces Creek, Lower Geyser Basin, Yellow- stone National Park. June 1896. (Tilden).
s2, Gloeocapsa dubia Wartmann in Rabenhorst. Die Algen Europas. no. 1092, Kirchner. Algen. Kryptogamen-Flora von Schlesien. 256. 1878. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 34. 1907.
Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Ap- palachia. 3: 236. 1883.
Plant mass either grumous or widely expanded, gelatinous, firm, red- dish-orange, when dried generally of a dull greenish color; plants 11-24 mic. in diameter, spherical or oblong, densely aggregated, usually associated in families of twos or fours; sheaths very thick, usually twice the diameter of the cell, not lamellose, soon peeling off; cell contents granular, brownish, when dried homogeneous and bluish-green.
Greenland. (Boergesen). New Hampshire. On rocks. Flume; Cabot Mountain, Shelburne. (Farlow).
53. Gloeocapsa sanguinea (Agardh) Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 174. 1843. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 36. 1907.
Plant mass thin, gelatinous, extended, blood red, or thicker, somewhat crustaceous and black; families 25-50, rarely 140 mic. in diameter; sheaths very wide, not lamellose, intensely blood red, inner layers pale red, outer layers colorless or nearly colorless; cells 3.5-9 mic. in diameter; cell con- tents granular, pale blue-green.
Greenland. (Boergesen).
Genus ENTOPHYSALIS Kuetz. Phyc. Gen. 177. 1843.
Plant mass globose, cartilaginous, including numerous, more or less confluent small families of cells; cells spherical, each surrounded by an elliptical sheath, associated in families.
24 Minnesota Algae
I Plant mass crustaceous; cells 2-5 mic. in diameter E. granulosa II Plant mass mucous; cells 4-6 mic. in diameter E. magnoliae
54. Entophysalis granulosa Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 177. pl. XVIII. f. 5 1843. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:58. 1907. .
Collins. Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 309. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and adja- cent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 89. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2:611. 1880. Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae,—VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 23:1. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 4. no. 152. 1896. Collins. Prelim- inary Lists of New England Plants,—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora: 2: 41. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden,—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.
Plate I. fig. 33.
Plant mass crustaceous, up to I mm. in thickness, granular and warted, cartilaginous to fragile, brownish or black; cells 2-5 mic. in diameter; sheaths very thick, lamellose, brownish.
Maine. Forming an incrustation on edge of rocky tide pool, at extreme high water mark. Cape Rosier. July 1895. (Collins). Massachusetts. (Col- lins). Connecticut. Forming a crust on stones between tide marks. Fresh Pond, Stratford. August 1895. (Holden). New Jersey. On old shells. Atlantic City. (Morse, Collins). “Forming a crumbly incrustation at high-water mark, and seeming to prefer lagoons or high tide-pools, where the water is quite salt and where the level does not vary much.’—Collins.
55. Entophysalis magnoliae Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 29. 1881. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 58. 1907.
Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants,—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900.
Plant mass mucous; families densely branched; cells 4-6 mic. in diam- eter, dark purple, united in twos and fours, embedded in jelly.
Maine. (Collins). Massachusetts. Forming a thin slime on exposed rocks. Rare. Autumn. Magnolia Cove, Gloucester. (Farlow).
Genus CHONDROCYSTIS Lemmerm. Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen. 353. 1899.
Plant mass cushion-shaped, widely expanded, up to 35 cm. high, carti- laginous, soft, fragile, encrusted with lime at the base, curled up at periph- ery; families consisting of spherical masses of cells lying free, the mem- branes of which seem to be thickened into one layer.
56. Chondrocystis schauinslandii Lemmermann. Ergebn. einer Reise n. d. Pacific. Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem. 16: 353. 1899; Algenfl. Sandwich-In- seln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 615. pl. 7. f. 22-29. 1905. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 59. 1907.
Myxophyceae 25
Plate I. fig. 34-36.
Plant mass rose-colored to red, thick, cushion-like, widely expanded, encrusted with lime on the under side; cells somewhat spherical or elongate, 2 mic. in diameter, 3-5 mic. in length; sheath thick.
Hawaii. On sides of lagoon. Island of Laysan. (Schauinsland).
Genus GLOEOTHECE Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 57. 1849.
Colonies embedded in a common gelatinous tegument; cells cylindrical- oblong, rounded at the ends, each surrounded by a wide mucous homogene- ous or lamellose sheath; reproduction by transverse division of the cells in one direction only.
I Individual sheaths colorless I Cells .8-2.5 mic. in diameter, 10.5-18 mic. in length G. linearis
2 Cells 1.6-3 mic. in diameter, 2.2-7.5 mic. in length G. confluens 3. Cells 4-5.5 mic. in diameter, 6-15 mic. in length GG. rupestris 4 Cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, 6-10 mic. in length G. membranacea 5 Cells 2.5-2.7 mic. in diameter, 4.8-5.7 mic. in length, somewhat crescent-
shaped with acute apices G. lunata II Individual sheaths partly or entirely colored 1 Plant mass usually free-floating (1) Sheaths colorless at margins; cells 3-4 mic. in diameter
G. magna (2) Sheaths usually brownish or yellowish; cells 4-5.5 mic. in diameter, 6-11 mic. in length G. fuscolutea
57. Gloeothece linearis Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 58. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:62. 1907. West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 276. 1895.
Plate II. fig. 1, 2.
Plant mass gelatinous, dull yellow becoming reddish; plants 9.5-10.5 mic. in diameter, 10.5-18 mic. in length; sheaths very wide, colorless, hyaline, oblong or somewhat reniform; cells .8-2.5 mic. in diameter, 10.5-18 mic. in length, linear-cylindrical, straight or curved, usually single; cell contents pale blue-green or green.
West Indies. On damp wall of dam, Sharp’s River, St. Vincent. (Elli- ott).
58. Gloeothece confluens Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 58. pl. 1 G. f. 1. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 60. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 325. pl. 210. f. 6. 1887. Collins. Algae of Mid- dlesex County. 16. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Cata- logue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 610. 1889.
26 Minnesota Algae
Plate II. fig. 3.
Plant mass gelatinous, amorphous, pale reddish-yellow or greenish; plants 9-10 mic. in diameter, 12-16 mic. in length; sheaths wide, hyaline, colorless; cells 1.6-3. mic. in diameter, 2.2-7.5 mic. in length, oblong-cylin- drical, single or in pairs; cell contents homogeneous, greenish or becoming paler.
Massachusetts. Calcareous springs. Newton. (Farlow). New Jersey. On wet rocks. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. On wet rocks. Bethlehem. (Wolle).
59. Gloeothece rupestris (Lyngbye) Bornet. Les Algues de P. K. A. Schousboe. 177. 1892. Wittrock and Nordstedt. Alg. Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 399. 1880. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 63. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 703. 1900; Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1204. 1905., (G. cystifera (Hass.) Rab.)
Plate II. fig. 4.
Families 25-45 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval, containing two, four or eight plants; plants 8-12 mic, in diameter, 12-36 mic. in length; sheaths colorless or brownish-yellow; cells 4-5.5 mic. in diameter, 6-15 mic. in length; cell contents blue-green.
California. On dripping boards. Lake Chabot. San Leandro, Alameda County. June 1902. (Osterhout and Gardner). Bermudas. On ground. Spanish Point. Bermuda. January 1900. (Farlow).
Var. tepidariorum (A. Br.) Hansirg. Prodromus. 2: 136. f. 46. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 64. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 13. no. 601. 1899. (G. cystifera (Hass.) Rab.).
Plant mass dusky olive or brownish blue-green, often widely expanded; families 21-40 mic. in diameter, 30-50 mic. in length, containing usually two or four plants; cells 5-6 mic. in diameter, 5-15 mic. in length, elliptical or long-cylindrical, after division almost spherical; cell contents finely gran- ular, blue-green.
Rhode Island. On wood work of a dam. Centredale. April 1894. (Osterhout).
60. Gloeothece membranacea (Rabenhorst) Bornet. Les Algues de P. K. A. Schousboe. 175. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 61. 1907.
Plant mass membranaceous (resembling a Nostoc), dark olive green; cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, 6-10 mic. in length, always oblong before division; sheaths disappearing after third or fourth division.
North America. (Collins). 61. Gloeothece lunata W. and G. S. West. On some Freshwater Algae
from the West Indies. Journ. Linn, Soc. Bot. 30: 277. pl. 16. f. 9. 1895. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:65. 1907.
Myxophyceae 27
Plate II. fig. 5.
Colonies 19 mic. in diameter, 32.5 mic. in length, oval or elliptical; cells 2.5-2.7 mic. in diameter, 4.8-5.7 mic. in length, somewhat crescent shaped, with acute apices, associated in families of two or four; cell contents homo- geneous, blue-green.
West Indies. On damp wall of dam. Sharp’s River. St. Vincent. May 1892. (Elliott).
62. Gloeothece magna Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 62. 1907.
Plant mass large, thin, irregularly oblong, pale yellowish green: colony containing many plants; sheaths usually colorless at the margins; cells 3-4 mic. in diameter, nearly twice as long as wide.
Pennsylvania. Forming a coating on small water plants, or floating in ponds, many families joined together. Near Bethlehem. (Wolle).
63. Gloeothece fuscolutea Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 58. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 66. 1907.
Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Alma- nac and Annual for 1902. 113. 1901. American Algae. Cent. V. no. 500. 1901; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 147. 1902.
Plant mass soft, gelatinous, blue-green; sheaths thick, lamellose, color- less, brownish or yellowish; cells 4-5.5 mic. wide, 6-11 mic. long, oblong- cylindrical, single or associated in families of four or eight; cell contents blue-green.
Hawaii. Covering surface of water in plat in rice field. Aiea. Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden).
Genus APHANACAPSA Naeg. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 52. 1849.
Plant mass more or less expanded, colorless or blue-green, yellow or brown; plants spherical or angular from mutual pressure, single or in pairs; individual sheaths thick, very soft, colorless, not distinct, confluent into a mucous, amorphous, homogeneous colonial tegument; tegument colorless or tinted brown or blue-green; reproduction by successive division of the cells alternately in three directions.
J Plant mass colorless. 1 Cells 1.5-2 mic. in diameter A. elachista
2 Cells 10-16 mic. in diameter A. zanardinii
II Plant mass green or blue-green. 1 Plant mass globose, gelatinous, dirty green; cells 3.2-5.6 mic. in diam- eter A. grevillei
2 Plant mass hemispherical, gelatinous, blue-green; cells 5-6 mic. in diameter A. rivularis
28 : Minnesota Algae 3 Plant mass amorphous, gelatinous, dirty green or olive A. virescens
III Plant mass brown. Cells 4.5-5.5 mic. in diameter A. brunnea
64. Aphanocapsa elachista W. and G. S. West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 276. pl. 15. f. 9, 10. 1895. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 73. 1907.
Plate II. fig. 6.
Colonies 26-38 mic. in diameter, not forming a distinct plant mass, very small, somewhat globose; sheaths firm, gelatinous, colorless, not lam- ellose, soon diffluent; cells 1.5-2 mic. in diameter, spherical, single or in pairs, loosely arranged; cell contents homogeneous, blue-green.
West Indies. On trees. Summit of Trois Pitons (4500 feet elevation). November and December 1892; in stream, Grande Soufriére, Dominica. (Elliott).
“This species seems characteristically distinct by reason of its minute cells in the very small, globose colonies, which were scattered amongst other algae.”—West.
65. Aphanocapsa zanardinii (Hauck) Hansgirg. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 67. 1907. Plant mass colorless; cells 10-16 mic. in diameter, globose, single or in families of two or four; individual sheaths very thin, hyaline, scarcely vis- ible; cell contents homogeneous, sometimes granular, emerald green.
Massachusetts. (Collins).
66. Aphanocapsa grevillei (Hassall) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 50. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 73. 1907. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 333. pl. 210. f. 38, 39. 1887. Ben- nett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14:9. 1908.
Plate II. fig. 7.
Plant mass gelatinous, globose, densely aggregated, more or less con- fluent, dirty green, when dry becoming olive or brownish; sheaths soon difluent; cells 3.2-5.6 mic. in diameter, spherical or elliptical, rather crowd- ed, single or in pairs; cell contents finely granular, blue-green.
Greenland. (Boergesen). Pennsylvania. Submerged stones in shal- low pond water. (Wolle). Rhode Island. Benedict and other ponds. (Bennett). Iowa. Pond near R. R. Ames. 1905. (Buchanan).
67. Aphanocapsa rivularis (Carmichael) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 49. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 69. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. IJ. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 137. 1877. Plate II. fig. 8, 9.
Plant mass hemispherical, gelatinous, tuberculose, often confluent, blu-
Myxophyceae 29
ish-green becoming brownish when dry; sheaths very thick, not lamellose, colorless, soon diffluent; cells 5-6 mic. in diameter, spherical, scattered, single or in pairs; cell contents finely granular, blue-green.
Pennsylvania. In ponds attached to wood or stone. (Wolle).
68. Aphanocapsa virescens (Hassall) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 48. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 68. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 333. pl. 210. f. 33. 1887. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 612. 1889. West. The Freshwater Algae of Maine. Journ. of Bot. 27: 207. 1889.
Plate II. fig. 10, 11.
Plant mass amorphous, gelatinous, more or less expanded, dirty green or olive, becoming brownish; sheaths scarcely visible, diffluent; cells about 6 mic. in diameter, globose, single or in pairs; cell contents homogeneous, often showing a central granule, pale blue-green.
Maine. (West). New Jersey. On wet stones and rocks. (Wolle).
69. Aphanocapsa brunnea Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 52. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:71. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 329. 1887.
Plant mass gelatinous, membranaceous, expanded, brownish; sheaths not visible; cells 4.5-5.5 mic. in diameter, spherical, in division oblong, single or in pairs, crowded; cell contents finely granular, pale yellowish brown or greenish brown.
North America. Forming brownish-olive, floating masses in stagnant waters. (Wolle). Canada. Minnesota Seaside Station, Vancouver Island. British Columbia. July 1901. (Crosby and Leavitt).
Genus APHANOTHECE Naeg. Gatt. Einz. Algar. 59. 1849.
Plant mass more or less expanded, somewhat spherical or without def- inite shape; individual sheaths thick, not distinct, confluent into a mucous, amorphous, homogeneous colonial tegument; cells oblong; reproduction by division of the cells in one direction only.
J Plant:mass without dejinite shape. 1 Cells 1-2 mic. in diameter A. saxicola 2 Cells more than 2 mic. in diameter
(1) Plant mass dirty green or olive brown; cells 2.5-3 mic. in diameter A. conferta (2) Growing in very salt water; cells 5 mic. in diameter, hardly longer than broad A. utahensis (3) Cells one to three times as long as broad
A Plant mass colorless; cells 4-4.5 mic. in diameter A. microscopica
30 Minnesota Algae
B Plant mass colored a Plant mass blue-green, olive or yellowish-brown; cells 2-3.5
mic. in diameter A. castagnei b Plant mass pale blue-green; cells 3-8 mic. in diameter A. pallida c Plant mass pale yellowish-green or olive; cells 2-3 mic. in diam- eter A. microspora d Plant mass yellowish-brown or olive; cells 4-4.5 mic. in diam- eter, irregularly scattered A. naegelii
II Plant mass more or less spherical 1 Plant mass pale blue-green; cells 3-5 mic. in diameter A. stagnina 2 Plant mass bright or dark emerald green; cells 5-6.5 mic. in diameter A. prasina
yo. Aphanothece saxicola Naegeli. Gatt. Einz: Alg. 60. pl. 1 H. f. 2. 1849. De Toni. Syll, Algar. 5: 81. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1203. 1905; Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no 1301. 1906. West and West. On some Fresh- water Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 277. 1895.
Plant mass mucous-gelatinous, colorless or yellowish, without definite shape; cells 1-2 mic. in diameter, 2-6 mic. in length, somewhat cylindrical, with rounded ends, single or in pairs, sometimes surrounded by many par- tially dissolved sheaths; cell contents pale blue-green.
Massachusetts, Forming soft masses of irregular form, floating among cther algae. Horn Pond. Woburn. September 1905. (Collins). California, Walls of reservoir. Del Monte, Monterey County. September 1902. (Oster- hout). West Indies. “In small masses of 70-120 mic. in diameter, amongst mosses on trees. Rather scarce.” Summit of Trois Pitons (4500 feet), Dominica. November and December 1892. (Elliott).
71. Aphanothece conferta Richter in Hauck and Richter. Phykotheka Universalis. no. 487. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 84. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1152. 1904.
Plant mass gelatinous-mucous, membranaceous, expanded, dirty green or olive brown; individual sheaths colorless, diffluent; cells 2.5-3 mic. in diameter, 4.5-5.5 mic. in length, spherical or oblong, single or in pairs, crowded in families; cell contents finely granular, pale blue-green or olive.
California. On trunk of Bay tree. Strawberry Creek, Berkeley. March 1003. (Gardner).
72. Aphanothece utahensis Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III. no. 297. 1898.
Plant mass 1-6 cm. in diameter, forming thin, gelatinous, brown and blue-green membranes; cells 5 mic. in diameter, oval or nearly spherical, single or in twos.
Myxophyceae 31
Utah. Floating near shore of lake and washed up on beach. Garfield Beach, Great Salt Lake. July 1807. (Tilden).
73. Aphanothece microscopica Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 59. pl. 1 H. f. 1. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 83. 1907.
West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 277. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 552. 1899. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 397. 1901. Collins. Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904.
Plate II. fig. 12.
Plant mass .25-2 mm. in diameter, gelatinous, colorless, globose or oblong, later irregular in shape, floating; cells 4-4.5 mic. in diameter, 6-9 mic. long, oblong-cylindrical, single or in twos; cell contents blue-green.
Greenland. (Richter, Boergesen). Alaska. Forming a slimy coating, with Chroococcus, on a perpendicular cliff over which water was trick- ling. Juneau. (Saunders). New Hampshire. On wall of the “Flume.” (Collins). Massachusetts. On flower pots. Botanic Garden. Cambridge. TIebruary 1895. (Richards). West Indies. On damp wall of dam. Sharp’s River, St. Vincent; on trees, summit of Trois Pitons (4500 feet), Dominica. (Elliott).
74. Aphanothece castagnei (Brébisson) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 64. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 81. 1907. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 180. 1903.
Plate II. fig. 13.
Plant mass gelatinous, amorphous, expanded, bluish-green, olive or yellowish-brown; sheaths not usually visible; cells 2-3.5 mic. in diameter, 3-8 mic. in length, globose, oblong or polygonal, of various sizes, somewhat crowded; cell contents pale blue.
Alaska. In sulphur waters. (Farlow, Setchell). Washington, D. C. (Farlow). Washington. In a jar of water in the laboratory. University of Washington, Seattle. (Gardner).
75: Aphanothece pallida (Kuetzing) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 64. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 83. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 325. pl. 210. f. 7, 8. 1887.
Plant mass 4-6 mm. in diameter, gelatinous, soft, somewhat transparent, pale blue-green; cells 3-8 mic. in diameter, 5-24 mic. in length, oblong-ellip- tical or cylindrical, usually scattered; cell contents pale blue-green.
Pennsylvania. On wet or marshy ground. (Wolle). Minnesota. Keegan’s Lake, Minneapolis. October 1907. (Hone).
76. Aphanothece micrespora (Meneghini) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 64. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 84. 1907. Richter. ‘Siisswasseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. Heft. 42.
Taher
32 Minnesota Algae
3. 1897. Saunders. The Aigae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 397. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of North- western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 180. 1903. Collins. Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904.
Plant mass amorphous, irregularly lobed, gelatinous-mucous, soft, hya- line, pale yellowish-green or olfve; sheaths colorless, usually entirely dis- solved; cells 2-3 mic. in diameter, 4-9 mic. in length, oblong, single or in pairs; cell contents pale blue.
Greenland. Umanak. (Vanhdffen.). Alaska, Forming with Chroo- coccus turgidus,a slimy coating on a perpendicular cliff, over which water was trickling. Juneau. (Saunders). New Hampshire. (Collins).
77. Aphanothece naegelii Wartmann in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 65. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 77. 1907.
Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Alma- nac and Annual for 1902. 113. 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 497. 1901; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 153. 1902.
Plate II. fig. 14.
Plant mass gelatinous, ‘yellowish-brown or olive, adhering to paper when dried; sheaths diffluent; cells 4-4.5 mic. in diameter, 6.5-8 mic. in length, oblong or oval, almost spherical after division, irregularly scattered, rather densely crowded; cell contents pale blue-green.
Hawaii. Forming soft, olive-brown lumps on sides of damp cliff among mosses and liverworts. Elevation 350 feet. Kaliawaa Falls. Makao, Koolau- loa, Oahu. June rgoo. (Tilden).
48. Aphanothece stagnina (Sprengel) A. Braun in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2:66. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:76. 1907. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 180. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1302. 1906.
Plate Il. fig. 15.
Plant mass .5-2 cm. in diameter, gelatinous, oblong, elliptical or nearly globose, hyaline, pale blue-green; cells 3-5 mic. in diameter, 5-8 mic. in length, oblong-oval; cell contents pale blue-green.
Alaska. (Farlow). Michigan. Forming firm, light green, spherical or tuberculate floating masses. Walnut Lake, Oakland County. May 1906. (Hankinson). .
79. Aphanothece prasina A. Braun in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2:65. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:78. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 325. pl. 210. f. 9, 10. 1887. Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 16. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 610. 1889. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 251. 1897. Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw.
Myxophyceae 33
Almanac and Annual for 1902. 113. 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 498. 1901; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Pople of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 146. 1902.
Plate II. fig. 16.
Plant mass gelatinous, more or less globose, tuberculose or angular, bright emerald green, sometimes confluent and then lobed; sheaths difflu- ent; cells 5-6.5 mic. in diameter, 7.7-11 mic. long, oblong or ovoid, often spherical after division; cell contents blue-green.
Massachusetts. Cambridge. (Farlow). Connecticut. In free swim- ming gelatinous masses of a yellowish or bluish green color, globular when young, later becoming irregular in shape. Norwich. September 1892. (Setchell). New Jersey. Floating on ponds. (Wolle). ‘Hawaii, Form- ing free-swimming, blue-green tuberculose, globose or flattened soft masses, floating in ditch in rice field near beach. Aiea, Oahu. June 1900; in brack- ish, stagnant water. Meheiwi, Makao, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden).
Genus MICROCYSTIS Kuetz. Linnaea 8: 372. 1833.
Colonies spherical or somewhat spherical, solid, finally becoming hol- low and lobed, single or associated in clusters, containing large numbers of cells, surrounded by a colorless, gelatinous tegument; cells spherical, oval or elliptical; cell contents green or blue-green, often showing vacuoles; reproduction by cell division in three directions.
I Cells spherical. 1 Colonies more or less spherical, usually containing several daughter colonies each surrounded by its own tegument; cells 2-4 mic. in
diameter M. ichthyoblabe 2 Plant mass dull yellowish becoming olive; colonies 30-70 mic. in diam- eter; cells 2.2-4 mic. in diameter M. donnellii
3 Colonies spherical, flattened, orbicular, lens-shaped, sometimes con- fluent, surrounded by a thick, lamellose common tegument; cells 3-4 mic. in diameter M. marginata
4 Colonies more or less spherical or oblong, with an indistinctly
limited tegument, pale or yellowish-green; cells 4-6.5 mic. in diam- eter. M. flos-aquae
II Cells oval or oblong, sometimes almost spherical.
1 Colonies spherical, oblong or flattened, sometimes containing several daughter colonies each surrounded by its own tegument; cells 1-1.5 mic. in diameter, 3-5 mic. in length,-oblong M. elabens
2 Plant mass pulverulent, bright glaucous or whitish blue-green; col- onies spherical or oblong; cells 2-3 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical or oval M. pulverea
3 Plant mass irregular, firm, gelatinous, pink, brown or green, growing in very salt water; cells 2.5-4 mic. in diameter, 6-7 mic. in length, oblong or elliptical M. packardii
4 Plant mass mucous, floccose, amorphous, sky-blue; colonies somewhat
34 Minnesota Algae
spherical, distinctly limited; cells somewhat spherical or ellipsoid (size unknown) M. piscinalis 5 Colonies irregular in shape, with an indistinctly limited tegument; cells 5-5.5 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval M. pallida
80. Microcystis ichthyoblabe Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 7. pl. 8. 1845-1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 88. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 330. 1887. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J.. 2: 611. 1889. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. (Polycystis icthioblabe Kg.)
Colonies membranaceous, thin, more or less spherical, surrounded by a common gelatinous tegument, usually containing several daughter colonies each surrounded by its own tegument, blue-green; cells 2-4 mic. in diameter, spherical; cell contents showing vacuoles, pale blue-green.
United States. (Pike, Farlow, Collins). New Jersey. Occasional in small pools. (Wolle). Ohio. Put-in-Bay. Lake Erie. (Snow). 3
81. Microcystis donnellir Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 282. 1879.
Plant mass dull yellowish becoming olive; colonies 30-70 mic. in diam- eter, spherical or oval, often more or less angular, green; cells 2.2-4 mic. in diameter; cell contents granular, green.
Maryland. In soft gelatinous masses, often nine and ten inches in diameter, floating in ponds, Garrett County. July 1878. (Smith).
82. Microcystis marginata (Meneghini) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 6. pl. 8. 1845-1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 91. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:137. 1877. (Anacystis marginata Menegh.); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 329. 1887. (A. marginata Kg.) Fanning. Observations on the Algae of the St. Paul city water. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 613. pl. 45. 1901. Saun- ders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 397- 1901. (M. marginata Naeg.) Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 180. 1903. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 94. 1908.
Plate II. fig. 17.
Colonies spherical, flattened or orbicular and lens-shaped, sometimes confluent, surrounded by a thick, lamellose common tegument, pale green, colorless at the margin; cells 3-4 mic. in diameter, densely crowded, spher- ical or sometimes angular; cell contents blue-green, becoming granular.
United States. In ponds of stagnant water. (Wolle). Alaska. Form- ing a slimy coating on a perpendicular cliff. Near Juneau. (Saunders); form- ing slimy coatings on dripping rocks. Glacier Valley, Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). Minnesota. St. Paul city water. (Fanning). Central America. Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala, (Meek).
Myxophyceae 35
83. Microcystis flos-aquae (Wittrock) Kirchner in Engler and Prantl. Nat. Pflanz.I 1 a. 56. f. 49 N. 1900. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 86. 1907. Tilden. Notes on a Collection of Algae from Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 153. 1908.
Plate II. fig. 18.
Colonies more or less spherical or oblong, with an indistinctly limited tegument, often several lying close together, pale or yellowish blue-green; cells 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, spherical, often densely crowded; cell contents showing vacuoles, pale bluish-green.
- Central America. Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala. Temperature of water 73°. January 1906. (Kellerman, Meek and Smith).
84. Microcystis elabens (Meneghini) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 6. pl. 8. 1845- 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 88. 1907.
Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 28 1881. (Polycystis elabens Kuetz.). Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 90. 1889. Collins. Algae-—Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 249. 1894. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants——V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.- Am. Fasc. 23. no. II0I. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Tsaac Holden,—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.
Plate II. fig. 19.
Colonies spherical, oblong, or flattened, membranaceous, surrounded by a common gelatinous tegument, sometimes containing several daughter colonies each surrounded by its own tegument, bluish or olive-green; cells I-1.5 mic. in diameter, 3-5 mic. in length, oblong; cell contents showing vacuoles.
Maine. On rocky sides of a tide pool at high water mark. Cape Rosier. July 1896; among small algae. Seal Harbor. (Collins). New Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts. “Common in summer on decaying algae, over which it forms slimy masses.” Wood’s Holl. (Farlow). Rhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut. On decaying algae. Fresh Pond. August. (Hol- den). New York. Prince’s Bay, Staten Island. (Pike).
85. Microcystis pulverea (Wood) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 92. 1907.
Wood. Contr. Hist. Freshwater Algae North America. 79. 1872. (Pleurococcus pulvereus Wood). Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877. (Anacystis glauca Wolle); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 329. pl. 210. f. 25. 1887. (A. p ulvereus (Wood) Wolle).
Plant mass pulverulent, bright glaucous or whitish blue-green, com- posed of very numerous and densely crowded colonies; colonies spherical or oblong, usually surrounded by a diffluent, hyaline tegument; cells 2-3 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical, oval or angular, very much crowded; cell contents pale blue or olive green.
36 Minnesota Algae
Pennsylvania. Forming an extended stratum over the bottom of lime- stone spring. The stratum is in places nearly an inch in thickness and when lifted by the hand is found to be loose and crumbly. “Boiling Springs”, two miles from Bellefonte, Centre County. (Wood). On bottom of lime- stone springs. Northampton and Lehigh Counties. (Wolle).
86. Microcystis packardii (Farlow) nob. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 93. 1907.
Packard. The Sea-weeds of Salt Lake. Am. Nat. 13: 7o1. 1879. (Poly- cystis packardii Farlow). Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III.
no. 298. 1898. Plate II. fig. 20.
Plant mass irregular in shape, firm, gelatinous, displaying various tints of pink, brown or green; cells 2:5-4 mic. in diameter, 6-7 mic. in length, oblong or elliptical.
Utah. Forming irregularly-shaped balls or masses of a firm gelatinous structure, showing various tints of pink, brown and green. In thick masses around edge of lake for a distance of forty feet out from shore and one to two feet in depth. Often washed ashore and left in beds on sand. Garfield Beach, Great Salt Lake. July 1897. (Tilden).
87. Microcystis piscinalis (Briigg.) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:90. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 137. 1877. (Polycystis “piscinalis Brigg.)
Plant mass mucous, floccose, amorphous, sky-blue, becoming gray- green when dried; colonies somewhat spherical, distinctly limited, many sometimes surrounded by a more or less dissolved common tegument; cells somewhat spherical or ellipsoid; cell contents homogeneous, blue-green.
Pennsylvania. In pools. Near Bethlehem. (Wolle).
88. Microcystis pallida (Farlow) Lemmermann. Algen. Kryptogamenflora der Mark Brandenburg. 3: 77. 1907. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 93. 1907.
Collins. Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888. (Polycystis pallida (Kuetz.) Farlow). Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 90. 1880. Wolle and Martindale, Algae. Brit- ton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 611. 1889. Collins. Algae—Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 249. 1894. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants,—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900.
Colonies irregular in shape, with an indistinctly limited tegument; cells 5-5.5 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval; cell contents bluish green.
Maine. Among small algae. Seal Harbor. (Collins). Massachusetts. Gloucester (Farlow). Rhode Island. Newport. (Farlow). New Jer- sey. On decaying algae. Atlantic City. (Morse).
Myxophyceae 37
Genus CLATHROCYSTIS Henfrey Mic. Journ. 53. pl. 4. f. 28-36. 1856.
Colonies of variable shape, at first solid soon becoming saccate and clathrate, (“fragments of the broken fronds occurring in irregularly lobed forms”), surrounded by a colorless, gelatinous, indistinctly limited integu- ment; cells spherical, numerous.
I Cells 3-4 mic. in diameter, spherical. C. aeruginosa II Cells 6-9 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval C. robusta
89. Clathrocystis aeruginosa (Kuetzing) Henfrey. Mic. Journ. 53. pl. 4. f. 28-36. 1856. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 94. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 327. pl. 210. f. 17, 18. 1887. Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 16. 1888. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Jelliffe. A Further Contribution to the Microscopical Examina- tion of the Brooklyn Water Supply. Brook. Med. Journ. 8: 592. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 51. 1895. Col- lins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massa- chusetts, 126. 1896. Tilden. List of Freshwater Algae collected in Minne- sota during 1895. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 599. 1896; American Algae. Cent. Il. no. 194. 18096. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no, 1153. 1904. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.
Plate II. fig. 21, 22.
Plant mass a bright green scum, floating in vast strata on freshwater pools, presenting to the naked eye a finely granular appearance, when dried appearing like a crust of verdigris; colonies spherical or elongate, solid, soon becoming saccate and clathrate; cells 3-4 mic. in diameter, spherical, very numerous embedded in a colorless integument.
United States. Often floating in large strata as a glaucous green scum on fresh water pools. (Wolle). Massachusetts. Horn Pond, Woburn. (Farlow). Spot Pond, Stoneham; forming a floating scum on Middle Reservoir. Middlesex Fells. (Collins). Rhode Island. Common, at times abundant. (Bennett). Mashapaug Pond, Providence. October 1892. (Oster- hout). New York. Brooklyn water supply. (Jelliffe). Minnesota. Covering surface of lake in sheltered bays and around edges, sometimes to a depth of three inches. In decaying forms a milky white, ill-smelling scum. Long Lake, Hennepin County. September 1895. (Shaver and Tilden). On bottom at edge of lake in very small round bunches or flat patches, fragile. Como Park, St. Paul. August 1895. (Tilden). Halsted’s Bay, Lake Minnetonka. November 1906. (Hill). Minneapolis city water (Cor- bett). Iowa. Ames. 1884. (Bessey). East Okoboji Lake. October 1904. (Buchanan). Washington, Floating in Green Lake. Seattle. December 1903. (Gardner). ‘
“The smallest fronds met with are usually roundish or ellipsoidal. When quite young they appear to be solid, but as they grow by the multi- plication of the internal cells and the secretion of gelatinous matter, the
38 Minnesota Algae
expansion takes place chiefly near the periphery, so that the frond be- comes a hollow body. The walls of the sac then give way, and, as the expansion proceeds, orifices are formed in different parts, until the whole becomes a coarsely latticed sac or clumsy net of irregularly lobed form. Then this becomes broken up into irregular fragments of all shapes and sizes each of which recommences the expanding growth, and becomes a latticed frond.”’—Henfrey.
90. Clathrocystis robusta Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atit- lan and Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Wash. 21: 94. 1908. Colony when young dense, spherical, surrounded by a gelatinous tegu- ment, later perforate, clathrate or broken up into elongate rounded lobes; tegument tardily deliquescent, finally wholly dissolving, leaving a densely cohering mass of cells; cells 6-9 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval; cell con- tents (in formalin) bright blue-green.
Central America. Forming a flocculent bright blue-green scum on sur- face of water. Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala. February 1906. (Meek).
Genus GOMPHOSPHAERIA Kuetz. Alg. Exsice. Dec. 16. no. 151. 1836.
Colonies spherical or ellipsoid, mucous, solid, free-swimming; tegument colorless or yellowish, usually thick, soon diffluent; cells pear-shaped or heart-shaped, rarely somewhat spherical, grouped in pairs, few in num- _bers, disposed chiefly towards the periphery of the tegument; cell con- tents often granular, bluish or greenish; reproduction by cell division alternately in three directions,
I Cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, 8-12 mic. in length G. aponina II Cells 3.2-4 mic. in diameter, spherical; cell contents pinkish or brown- ish G. rosea
gi. Gomphosphaeria aponina Kuetzing. Alg. Exsicc. Dec. 16. no. 151. 1836. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 97. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae United States. 328 pl. 210. f. 20-22. 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Wolle and Martin- dale, Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 611. 1889. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae col- lected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 31. 1894; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1895. Minn. Bot. Studies. 600. 1896; American Algae Cent. III. no. 300. 1898. Lemmermann. Planktonalgen Ergebn. einer Reise. n. d. Pacific. Abh. Nat. Bremen. 16: 313. 1899. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—III. Erythea. 7: 54. 1899. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901, Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Commission Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 180. 1903. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 616, 1905. Riddle. Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guatemala.
Myxophyceae 39
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 96. 1908. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.
Plate II. fig. 23-28,
Colonies 50-90 mic. in diameter, spherical or nearly spherical, blue- green often becoming pale; tegument colorless, rather thick, lamellose; individual sheaths colorless; cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, 8-12 mic. in length, pear-shaped or club-shaped, stalked, surrounded by individual sheaths; stalks thick, broad, gelatinous; cell contents not showing vacuoles, blue- green, sometimes green or orange.
United States. Frequent in small pools. (Wolle). Rhode Island. Providence. (Bennett). New Jersey. In ponds and pools. (Wolle). Ohio, Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Brush Lake, Champaign County. (Riddle). Minnesota. Pool near Lake Kilpatrick. July 1893. (Bal- lard). In tank in Botanical laboratory. University of Minnesota, Minne- apolis. October 1895; in covered tank. Zoological laboratory. University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis. April 1898. (Tilden). Iowa. Found only once. Stagnant pool. Eagle Grove. 1904. (Buchanan). Nebraska. In aquaria. Lincoln. (Bessey). Washington, Floating intermingled with
other algae in brackish waters. Whidbey Island. (Gardner). California. Near Los Angeles. (Monk). Central America. Lake Amatitlan, Guate- mala. (Meek). Hawaii. Among marine algae. Island of Laysan. (Schauinsland).
Var. cordiformis Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 9: 25. 1882. Bot. Notiser. 61. 1882. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 98. 1907.
Colonies 60 mic. in diameter; cells 6-13 mic. in diameter, 9-16 mic. in length, usually numerous.
Pennsylvania. Small ponds near Bethlehem. (Wolle).
92. Gomphosphaeria rosea (Snow) Lemmermann. Algae. Krypt. der Mark Brandenburg. 3: 80. 1907.
Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902, 22: 387, 300, 392. pl. 4. £. 17. 1903. (Coelosphaerium roseum).
Colonies 35-52 mic. in diameter, spherical; tegument thin, gelatinous, cells 3.2-4 mic. in diameter, spherical, without individual sheaths, stalked; stalks, gelatinous, dichotomously branched; cell contents pinkish or brown- ish.
Ohio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow).
Genus Coelosphaerium Naeg. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 54. 1849.
Colonies spherical, mucous, hollow, free-swimming, containing many small cells; tegument mucous, soon confluent; cells globose, elliptical or ovoid, arranged just within the periphery of the tegument; cell contents granular, with gas vacuoles; reproduction by cell division, at first in one direction, afterwards alternately in three directions.
I Colonies 30-90 mic. in diameter; cells 2-5 mic. in diameter C. kuetzingianum
II Colonies about 150 mic. in diameter; cells 5-7 mic. in diameter C. dubium
40 Minnesota Algae
93. Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 54. pl. I. C. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 100. 1907.
Farlow. Notes on Fresh-Water Algae. Bot. Gaz. 8: 224, 1883. Camp- bell. Plants of the Detroit River. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 93. 1886. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 327. pl. 210. f. 16. 1887. Arthur. Some Algae of Minnesota supposed to be Poisonous. Fourth Bien, Rep. Bd. Regents Univ. of Minn. Suppl. 1. Rep. Dept. Agric. Univ. of Minn. 103. 1887. Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 692. 1884. Bennett, Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Collins, Algae of Middlesex County. 16. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Survey. N. J. 2: 611. 1889. Trelease. The “Working” of the Madison Lakes. Trans. Wis.-Acad. Sci. Arts and Let- ters. 7: 122, 1889. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 126. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setch- ell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 53. 1899. . Fanning. Observations on the Algae of the St. Paul city water. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 612. pl. 45. fig. 24. 1901. Riddle. Algae from Sandusky Bay. Ohio Nat. 3: 317. 1902. Nelson. Observations upon some Algae which cause “Water Bloom.” Minn. Bot. Studies. 3: 56. pl. 14. 1903. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden,—II. Rhodora. 7: 235. 1905. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Towa Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.
Plate II. fig. 29.
Colonies 30-90 mic. in diameter, spherical; tegument colorless, thin, gelatinous, soon diffluent; cells 2-5 mic. in diameter, subspherical, oval or elongated, in twos or fours or finally irreguarly arranged; cell con- tents finely granular, blue-green.
United States. In ponds and pools; stagnant waters. (Wolle). Massachusetts. Framingham. 1883. (Farlow). Scattered or as a scum on Spot Pond, Middlesex Fells; forming a dense scum on Winchester Reser- voir, Winchester. October 1898. (Collins). Connecticut. On moist rocks. Sage’s Ravine, below first falls, Twin Lakes, Salisbury. October. (Holden). Rhode Island. Providence. (Lathrop). New Jersey. On stagnant pools. (Wolle). Ohio. Sandusky Bay. (Riddle). Michigan. Grosse Isle, near the mouth of the Detroit River. Summer of 1885. (Campbell). Minne- sota. Lake Sakatah and Lake Tetonka, Waterville. (Porter). St. Paul city _ water. (Fanning). Iowa. “A frequent alga in many permanent ponds, often floating in considerable quantities in the lakes.” South Gar Lake, Dickinson County; Hewitt’s Pond, Eagle Grove; margin of slough. Eagle Grove. 1904. (Buchanan).
94. Coelosphaerium dubium Grunow in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 55. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 102. 1907. Wood. Contr, Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 13. 1872. Colonies about 150 mic. in diameter, irregular or sometimes spherical, mucous, free-swimming; tegument colorless, thick; cells 5-7 mic. in diame- ter, spherical; cell contents with gas vacuoles, blue-green.
Myxophyceae 41
‘Pennsylvania. Forming a dense scum on a stagnant brick pond, near Philadelphia. July. “The scum was of the color of ‘pea-soup’ and so thick was it, that I think a quart of the plants might have been readily gathered.” (Wood).
Genus COELOSPHAERIOPSIS Lemmermann. Abh. Nat. Bremen. 16: 352. 1899.
Colonies spherical, gelatinous, hollow; families clustered; cells spherical or elongate, arranged in a single peripheral layer; reproduction by cell ‘division.
65. Coelosphaeriopsis halophila Lemmermann. Planktonalgen. Ergeb. einer Reise n. d. Pacific. Abh. Nat. Bremen. 16: 353. pl. 2. f. 25, 26, 1899; Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 616. pl. 7. £. 19-21. 1905. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 103. 1907.
Plate II. fig. 30.
Colonies 30-500 mic. in diameter, spherical, gelatinous; cells 6 mic. in diameter, 6-9 mic. in length, spherical or elongate.
Hawaii. In salt lagoon. Island of Laysan. (Schauinsland).
Genus TETRAPEDIUM Reinsch. Algenfl. von Franken. 37. 1867.
Cells solitary or occurring in families of from 2-16 each, compressed, quadrangular or triangular, equilateral, becoming subdivided into quadrate or wedge-shaped segments or rounded lobes, either by deep vertical or oblique incisions or by wide angular or rounded sinuses; cell contents blue- green; reproduction by cell division. (Single cells break apart by the in- cisions into four daughter cells each, the daughter cells after division forming separate individuals. The direction of the incisions is either per- pendicular to the lateral margin or bisects the angles.)
96. Tetrapedium trigonum. W. and G. S. West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 277. pl. 16. f, 8. 1895. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 113. 1907. Plate II. fig. 31. Cells 3.6x 7.2 mic., triangular, with concave sides and somewhat rotund angles, elliptical in side view; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green. West Indies. On damp wall of dam. Sharp’s River, St. Vincent. May 1892. (Elliott).
Genus MERISMOPEDIUM Meyen in Wiegmann Archiv. 2: 67. 1839.
Colonies flat, rectangular, free-floating; tegument somewhat thick, con- fluent; cells spherical, before division oblong, arranged in a rectilinear series in a single layer; cell contents usually without gas vacuoles, blue-
42 Minnesota Algae
green, rarely violet, rose-pink or red; reproduction by division of the cells in two directions.
I Cells 5-7 mic. in diameter, 6-9 mic, in length. 1 Colonies 30 mic. in diameter; cells 5 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical; cell contents blue-green or violet. M. aerugineum 2 Cells spherical or oblong M. elegans 3 Cells oval M. novum JI Cells 3-6 mic. in diameter. 1 Colonies 45-150 mic. in diameter; cells spherical or oval M. glaucum 2 Colonies large, more or less convolute; cells spherical or oblong M. convolutum TII Cells 1.3-2 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical M. tenuissimum
97. Merismopedium aerugineum Brébisson in Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 472. 1849; Tab. Phyc. 5: 13. pl. 38. f. 8. 1855. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 107. 1907. Richter. Siisswasseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. Heft. 42. 3. 1897.
Plate II. fig. 32.
Plant mass somewhat limited, nearly colorless; colonies 30 mic. in diameter, 35-68 mic. in length, composed of from 4 to 64 cells; cells 5 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical, crowded; cell contents blue-green.
Greenland. Umanak. (Vanhéffen).
Var. violaceum Rabenhorst. Die Algen Sachsens. no. 857. 1859. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 107. 1907.
Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 17. 1894. Til- den. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 31. 1894.
Cells very much crowded; cell contents violet.
Wisconsin. Trout-mere. Osceola. October 1893. (MacMillan.) Ne- braska. Quite common in stagnant ponds about Thedford, forming violet or purplish slimy masses sometimes reaching the size of one’s hand. (Saun- ders).
98. Merismopedium elegans A. Braun in Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 472. 1840. De Toni, Syll. Algar. 5: 104. 1907.
Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.
Plate II. fig. 33.
Colonies at first mucous, more or less limited, colorless, later be- coming membranaceous, expanded, containing from 64 to 1856 cells, green- ish; families quadrate, finally not distinctly limited; cells 5-7 mic. in diame- ter, 6-9 @ic. in length, spherical or oblong; cell contents pale blue-green.
Myxophyceae 43
Chio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Iowa. Slough bot- tom. Eagle Grove. 1904. (Buchanan).
09. Merismopedium novum Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae. N. A. 14. pl. 8. f. 8. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 105. 1907.
Plate II. fig. 34.
Colonies membranaceous, distinctly limited, with straight and entire margin, composed of very numerous cells; families containing usually six- teen cells; cells up to 6 mic. in diameter, oval, sometimes constricted in the middle, closely approximated; cell contents light bluish green.
Pennsylvania. Growing adherent to or entangled in, a lot of filamen- tous algae. Schuylkill River, near Philadelphia. (Wood).
Without a doubt this species is identical with M. elegans.
too. Merismopedium glaucum (Ehrenberg) Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 55. pl. 1 D. f. 1. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 105. 1907.
Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sandvi- censibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 3. 1878. Campbell. Plants of the Detroit River. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 93. 1886. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae United States. 326. pl. 210. f. 12-15. 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Mackenzie. A Preliminary List of Algae col- lected in the neighborhood of Toronto. Proc. Can. Inst. III. 7: 270. 1890. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 16. pl. 1. f. 5. 1894. Jelliffe. A Further Contribution to the Microscopical Examination of the Brooklyn Water Supply. Brook. Med. Journ. 8: 592. 1894. Tilden. List of I'resh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies. I: 31. 1894. Fanning. Observations on the Algae of the St. Paul city water. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 612. pl. 45. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 20. no. 953. 1902. Riddle. Algae from Sandusky Bay. Ohio Nat. 3: 317. 1902. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sand- wich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 617. 1905. Riddle. Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 96. 1908. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.
Plate II. fig. 35.
Colonies 45-150 mic. in diameter, more or less limited, with slightly sin- uate-crenate margin, light blue-green or glaucous green; cells 3-6 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval; cell contents pale blue-green or olive green.
Canada. High Park, Toronto, Ontario. (Mackenzie). United States. Not infrequent in ponds or sluggish waters. (Wolle). Maine. In a scum on a small artificial pond. Pogy Oil Factory. Round Pond. 16 July 1901. (Collins). Rhode Island. Providence. (Lathrop). New York. Brooklyn water supply. (Jelliffe). Ohio. Brush Lake, Champaign County; Sandusky Bay (Riddle). Michigan. Grosse Isle, near the mouth of the Detroit River. Summer of 1885. (Campbell). Minnesota. Peat-bog near Lake Kilpatrick, July 1893. (Ballard). St. Paul city water. (Fanning). Iowa. Floating in the quiet waters of ponds. Ames. 1884. (M. nova). (Bessey). Grinnell; Fayette. (Fink). Eagle Grove. Hewitt’s Pond. 1904.
44 Minnesota Algae
(Buchanan). Nebraska. Ponds and sluggish water. Not uncommon. (Saunders). California. In a small spring near San Pablo. September 1902. (Gardner). Central America. Only one specimen noted, “Amatit-
lan in 85 ft. water, towed in about 75 to 65, February 1, 1906, at middle of upper part of lake.” (Meek). Hawaii. Island of Hawaii. (Berggren). Var. fontinale Hansg. Phys. und. Algol. Mittheil IV. 98. 1890. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 106. 1907. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc, 24. no. 1156. 1904.
Colonies 45 mic. in diameter, gelatinous, containing 8-64 cells; cells 2.5-3 mic. in diameter, approximate, densely aggregated; cell contents distinctly granular, pale blue-green.
California, On sandy ground. Lake Merced, San Francisco. (Gardner).
101. Merismopedium convolutum Brébisson in Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 472. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 108. 1907.
Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 15. 1872. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 326. pl. 210. f. 14, 1887. . Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 611. 1880. Harvey. The Fresh-Water Algae of Maine—III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 1Q: 124. 1892. Bessey. Additions to the reported Flora of Nebraska made during 1893. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 3: 5. 1894. Saunders. Protophyta- Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 17. 1894. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 31. 1894. Riddle. Algae from Sandusky Bay. Ohio Nat. 3: 317. 1902. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1154. 1904. Riddle. Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Brown. Algal Periodicity in Certain Ponds and Streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 248. 1908.
Plate II. fig. 36.
Coijonies 1-4 mm. in diameter (visible to the naked eye), composed of very numerous cells, membranaceous, subfoliaceous, more or less convolute, greenish, bluish or yellowish; cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, 4-8 mic. in length, spherical ors oblong; cell contents blue-green or yellowish.
United States. Shallow pools, forming a distinct layer upon the muddy bottom, or separating and then floating on the surface. (Wolle). Maine. Attached to spruce logs floating in the Penobscot River. Orono. October 1890. (Harvey). Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). New Jersey. Frequent in ponds. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. “Making a distinct green layer upon the mud many feet in extent.” In a very shallow, quiet, but fresh pool. Spring Mills, near Philadelphia. (Wood). Ohio. Brush Lake, Champaign County; Sandusky Bay (Riddle). Indiana. Faris Pond, Bloomington. February 1907 (Brown). Minnesota. Peat-bog near Lake Kilpatrick. July 1893. (Ballard). Nebraska. At the bottom of pools ‘or floating upon the surface. (Saunders). South Bend. (Bessey). Cali- fornia, Floating all through the water in such abundance as to give it a bluish color. In Stone Lake. Golden Gate Park. San Francisco. August 1903. (Gardner.)
Myxophyceae 45
102. Merismopedium tenuissimum Lemmermann. Beitr. Kenntn. Plank- tonalgen. Bot. Centralb. 76: 154. 1898. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 108. 1907.
Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902, 22: 392. 1903.
Plate II. fig. 37.
Colonies quadrangular, free-floating, containing sixteen cells; cells 1.3-2 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical, crowded; cell contents pale bluish green.
Ohio, Plankton, Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow).
Genus EUCAPSIS Clements and Shantz. Minn. Bot. Studies. 4: 134. 1909.
Colonies cubical, usually consisting of 32-128 cells, but ranging from 8-512 cells, free-floating; tegument uniform, colorless, gelatinous; cells spherical, sometimes elliptical or flattened by mutual pressure, forming cubical families; cell contents finely granular, blue-green; reproduction by cell division in three planes.
103. Eucapsis alpina Clements and Shantz. Minn. Bot. Studies. 4: 134. 1909. Plate II. fig. 38-40. Colonies 30-80 mic. in diameter, usually containing 32-128 cells, cubical, free-floating; tegument colorless; cells 6-7 mic. in diameter, spherical, more rarely elliptic, in cubical families; cell contents blue-green.
Colorado. Alpine pond on Bald Mountain (12,000 feet). September 1904. (Shantz).
Genus ONCOBYRSA Agardh in Flora. 10: 629. 1827.
Colonies cushion-like, hard, leathery, adherent; sheaths thick, gelat- inous, confluent; cells spherical or elongated, usually regularly arranged in radial rows; cell contents blue-green or violet.
I Cells pale blue-green, sometimes violet O. rivularis JI Cells bright blue-green O. cesatiana
104. Oncobyrsa rivularis (Kuetzing) Meneghini. Monogr. Nostoch. Ital. 96. 1846. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 114. 1907. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 555. 1899. Colony almost spherical, very smooth, opaque, dull brownish-green; tegument almost colorless, soon diffluent; cells 2-6 mic. in diameter, spher- ical or polygonal, arranged in regular radial rows; cell contents blue- green or violet.
United States, (Collins, Holden and Setchell).
105. Oncobyrsa cesatiana Rabenhorst. Fi. Eur. Algar. 2: 68. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 116. 1907. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 180. 1903.
46 Minnesota Algae
Plate II. fig. 41.
Colonies spherical, hard, solitary or in clusters, blue-green becoming dark-colored; tegument confluent, colorless; cells 1.2-2.5 mic. in diameter, 3 mic. in length, spherical or oblong, somewhat seriate, crowded at the periphery, few in the interior; cell contents homogeneous, light blue-green.
Alaska. Plentiful on water-moss in running fresh water. Near Iliuliuk, Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson).
Genus CHLOROGLOEA Wille. Algol. Notizen. I-VI. 5. pl. 1. 1900.
Colonies irregularly lobed; tegument thin, not lamellose; cells spherical or oval, arranged in radiating series; reproduction by cell division in one direction.
106. Chlorogloea tuberculosa (Hansgirg) Wille. Algol. Notizen. I-VI. 5. pl. 1. 1900. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 118. 1907.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. IV. no. 382. 1900. (Pringsheimia scutata cladophorae Tilden).
Plate II. fig. 42.
Colonies disc-shaped, epiphytic, greenish; cells 1-1.5 mic. in diameter, 2 mic. in length; ellipsoid, after division somewhat spherical.
Canada. On Cladophora in tide pool. Minnesota Seaside Station. Vancouver Island, British Columbia. August 1898. (Tilden).
Family II. CHAMAESIPHONACEAE
Plants often showing a difference between basal and apical regions, solitary or associated in families or colonies, usually epiphytic or attached to shells; reproduction by cell division, by division of filaments into frag- ments, or by means of non-motile gonidia formed by the division of the contents of a mother cell or gonidangium.
I. Reproduction by cell division and by gonidia; cells usually united in colonies
1 Colonies somewhat spherical or hemispherical, usually consisting of
several layers of cells Pleurocapsa 2 Colonies disc-shaped, usually consisting of a single layer of cells Xenococcus 3 Colonies forming branched filaments Hyella
I] Reproduction by gonidia only 1 Gonidia formed by simultaneous division of the entire contents of gonidangium Dermocarpa
2 Plants not usually united in colonies; gonidia formed by successive constrictions of apical portion of contents of gonidangium Chamaesiphon
Myxophyceae 47
Genus PLEUROCAPSA Thuret in Hauck. Die Meeresalgen Deutschlands and Oesterreichs. 515. 1885.
Colonies usually crustaceous, made up of vegetative cells and gonidan- gia; plants united in short filaments, parallel or scarcely distinct, radiating, often dichotomously divided; cells spherical or angular, rarely oval or polyhedral; cell contents blue-green, olive, yellowish or violet; gonidangia furnished with thick sheaths, producing numerous, spherical gonidia; repro- duction by cell divison in three directions, by division of filaments into fragments, and by gonidia formed by division of the contents of a gon- idangium. i I Cells arranged in straight rows; growing in fresh water
Pl. concharum TI Cells not arranged in straight rows 1 Growing in hot water; cells 4-6 mic. in diameter Pl. caldaria 2 Growing in salt water
(1) Cells 5-20 mic. in diameter; cell contents golden yellow, fawn-
colored or dull violet Pl. fuliginosa
(2) Cells 10-13 mic. in diameter; cell contents violet
Pl, amethystea
(3) Cells up to 15 mic. in diameter; cell contents dull blue or slate
color Pl. crepidinum
107. Pleurocapsa concharum Flansgirg. Phys. und Alg. Mittheil. pl. 1. f. 11-15. 1890. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 122. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc, 22. no. 1051. 1903.
Colonies minute; tegument moderately thin, colorless; cells 4-17 mic. in diameter, 4-34 mic. in length, spherical, oval, ellipsoid or angular from mutual pressure, united into short, often irregularly dichotomous filaments of four to ten cells each, or into somewhat spherical masses; cell contents very finely granular, dull bluish or olive green; gonidangia 12-20 mic. in diameter, containing 8-32 gonidia; gonidia 3-4 mic. in diameter, spherical.
California. On shells. Mountain Lake. San Francisco. June 1902. (Oster- ‘hout and Gardner).
108. Pleurocapsa caldaria (Tilden) Setchell in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 8513. 1901. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 123. 1907.
Tilden. Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 94. pl. 8. £. 18 1808; American Algae. Cent. III. no. 283. 1808. (Protococcus botryoides f. caldaria Tilden); American Al- gae. Cent. II. no. 198. 1896; Bot. Gaz. 25: 104. pl. 8. f. 21. 1898. (Chroococ- cus varius A. Br.)
Plate III. fig. 1.
Plant mass pale or yellowish green; sheaths thin, homogeneous, hyaline;
48 Minnesota Algae
cells 4-6 mic, in diameter, spherical, usually solitary; cell contents homo- geneous, pale green.
Wyoming. On bottom of spring. Temperature 38° C. Frying Pan Basin, July 1896; on rocks, near vent of geyser, sometimes heated, Nor- ris Geyser Basin. June 1896; with Microspora amoenathermalis, lying in overflow from spring. Temperature 41° C. Frying Pan Basin. July 1896. Yellowstone National Park. (Tilden). Forming a green coating on floor of overflow channel. Temperature 49° C. Coristant Geyser. Norris Geyser Basin; in acid waters, Green Spring, between Norris Geyser Basin and Beaver Lake. 1897. Yellowstone National Park. (Weed). California. Forming an emerald green, rather thick coating on steaming rocks above the “Devil’s Kitchen,’ Geysers. Sonoma County. June 1900. (Setchell and Hunt).
“Clearly a member of the Cyanophyceae and forming a limited number (4) of schizospores (gonidia) which seem to relate it most closely to the genus Pleurocapsa.”—Setchell.
109. Pleurocapsa fuliginosa Hauck. Die Meeresalgen Deutschlands und Oesterreichs. 515. f. 231. 1885. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 122. 1907.
Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 335. 1891. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. Ior. 1895. Setchell, Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythaea. 7: 54. 1899. Collins, Holden, Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 704. 1900. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden,— I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.
Plate III. fig. 2, 3.
Colonies thin, crustaceous, blackish; families 50-100 mic. in diameter; sheaths colorless; cells 5-20 mic. in diameter, solitary or united in families of twos, fours or eights; cell contents homogeneous, golden yellow, fawn- colored or dull violet.
Massachusetts. Forming a very thin reddish or brownish-black coating on rocks- near high water mark. Marblehead. (Collins). Rhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut. On Enteromorpha and stones between tides. Below Yellow Mill Bridge. May, August, November, December. (Holden). In dark patches on stones and woodwork, also epiphytic on Enteromorpha, mostly near high water mark. Bridgeport. December 1893. (Holden). California. Forming a smooth black covering on smooth rocks, at high water mark in exposed places. Carmel Bay, Monterey Coun- ty. January 1899. (Setchell and Gibbs). On piles of wharf at the Life Saving Station at the Presidio; on old timbers. Alameda. (Setchell).
Collins states that when the cells cease to divide, the contents change into small round gonidia (“Spores”).
110. Pleurocapsa amethystea Kolderup-Rosenvinge. Groenlands Haval- ger. Medd. om Groenland. 3: 967. fig. 57. 1803; Les Algues Marines du Groenland. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 19:. 163. fig. 57. 1804. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5. 121. 1907.
Myxophyceae 49
Boérgesen and Jonsson. The Distribution of the Marine Algae of the Arctic Sea and of the northernmost part of the Atlantic. Bot. Faeroes. App. XXV. 1905.
Plate III. fig. 4.
Colonies 45 mic. or more in diameter, somewhat spherical or hemi- spherical, dark violet in color; cells 10-13 mic. in diameter, hemispherical, angular, depressed or somewhat spherical, at first solitary afterwards aggre- gated; gonidia 1-2 mic. in diameter.
Greenland. On the surface of Rhizoclonium riparium val- idum. Littoral zone. Fiskernas. (Rosenvinge). East and west portions. (Borgesen and Jonsson).
111. Pleurocapsa crepidinum Collins. Notes on Algae. III. Rhodora. 136, Igor. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 121. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1157. 1904.
Cells up to 15 mic. in diameter, spherical or by mutual pressure polyg- onal, often remaining attached in dense masses after dividing; cell con- tents dull blue or slate color; gonidangia spherical, filled with small go- nidia.
Maine. Occurring sparingly in a coating composed of several minute algae, on the woodwork of an old wharf. Otter Creek, Mount Desert. July 1900. (Collins). Massachusetts. On Balani and rocks. Magnolia Point. September 1903. (Farlow).
Genus XENOCOCCUS Thuret. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. 1: 6. 1875.
Colonies disc-shaped or crustaceous, attached; cells somewhat spherical, or angular with rounded apices, crowded, forming a parenchymatous, one- celled layer, later several cells in thickness; tegument colorless or yellow- ish; cell contents homogeneous, blue-green or violet; reproduction by cell division in three directions or by means of gonidia developed in large peripheral cells; gonidia usually spherical, sometimes 32 developed in a gonidangium.
I Colonies disc-shaped, composed of one layer of cells; tegument sur-
rounding base of cells; cells 3-4 mic. in diameter, 5.5-7 mic. long, pear- shaped. X. laysanensis
II Colonies spherical, solitary or confluent and completely surrounding the filaments of the host; cells 4-9 mic. in diameter, spherical or flattened. X. schousboei
III Colonies irregularly expanded, one or several layers in thickness; cells 4-6 mic. in diameter, 4-9 mic. in length. X. kerneri
112. Xenococcus laysanensis Lemmermann Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. pl. 8. f. 11-12. 1905. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 134. 1907. Plate III. fig. 5, 6.
Colonies epiphytic, disc-shaped, pseudo-parenchymatous, composed of
50 Minnesota Algae
one layer of cells; tegument hyaline, mucous, surrounding base of cells; cells 3-4 mic. in diameter at apex, 5.5-7 mic. long, pear-shaped, ae crowded; cell contents bluish green.
Hawaii. On marine algae. Laysan Island. 1896-97. Siadiaddy,
I13. Xenococcus schousboei Thuret in Bornet and Thuret. Notes Algol. 2: 74. pl. 26. f. 1, 2. 1880. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 133. 1907.
Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 612. 1889. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and adjacent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 89. 1889. Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 335. 1891. (Dermocarpa schousboei). Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fase. 12. no. 554. 1899. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. JIJ. Erythea. 7: 54. 1899. Collins. Pre- liminary Lists of New England Plants,—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. IQ0I; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden,—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905. Collins, Holden, Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 554. 1899.
Plate III. fig. 7.
Colonies spherical, solitary and scattered, or grouped in confluent masses which completely surround the filaments of the host, green or bright blue in color; cells 4-9 mic. in diameter, spherical or flattened by mutual pressure; cell contents light bluish-green.
Maine. (Collins). Connecticut. On Chantransia, Sphace- laria, Rhodochorton. Seaside Park; Black Rock; Fresh Pond; June, July, December. (Holden). Massachusetts. On Rhodochor- ton rothii and Rhizoclonium riparium, Nahant. (Collins). New Jersey. Growing on Lyngbya. Atlantic City. (Martindale). Cal- ifornia. On Calothrix crustacea, which forms a black velvety coat- ing on smooth rocks near high water mark. Carmel Bay, Monterey County. January 1899. (Setchell and Gibbs). West Indies. On Spermotham- nion. Kingston. Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler).
114. Xenococcus kerneri Hansgirg. Phys. und Alg. Studien. III. pl. 1. f. 19. 1887. De Toni. Syl]. Algar. 5: 134. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 20. no. 952. 1902. Lemmermann. Ueber die von Herrn Dr. Walter Volz auf seiner Weltreise gesammelten Siisswasseralgen. Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem. 18: Collins. Notes on Algae,—VI. Rhodora 5: 234. 1903. Lemmermann, Algenfl. Sandwich- Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. 1905.
Plate III. fig. 8.
Colonies irregularly expanded, usually one layer of cells in thickness, crustaceous, about 6-9 mic. in thickness, rarely of several layers, nodulose, rough, 9-30 mic. in thickness; tegument thick, inconspicuously lamellose, colorless; cells usually 4-6 mic. in diameter, 4-9 mic. in length, with rounded apices; cell contents dull blue-green or violet; gonidia about 3 mic. in
Myxophyceae 51
diameter, spherical, usually as many as 32 developed in marginal goni- dangia.
Massachusetts. On old plants of Cladophora in upper tide pool, rocky shore. Cohasset. October 1901. (Collins). Hawaii. Ditches and marshes, between Honolulu and Waikiki, Oahu. 1896-97. (Schauinsland).
Genus HYELLA Borneé and Flahault. Journ. de Bot. 162. 1888.
Colonies radiately expanded, orbicular, composed of two kinds of fila- ments; primary filaments horizontal, tangled, twisted, finally becoming a very densely woven felty mass; secondary filaments vertical, developed from primary; branching true; tegument septate, thicker at base of fila- ment, narrower above; cells disconnected, not joined in chains, lower ones short, sometimes divided longitudinally, upper ones longer; reproduction by means of vegetative cells set free from tegument and by means of gonidia formed in gonidangia by successive division of contents.
I Colonies yellowish or olive, at first forming minute patches or dots,
later becoming membranaceous or cushion-shaped; erect filaments usually
parallel; vegetative cells usually 5-6, sometimes up to Io mic. in diameter. H. caespitosa
TI Colonies immersed in substance of shell, brownish-gray or bright blue; vegetative cells 5-10 mic. in diameter H. fontana
115. Hyella caespitosa Bornet and Flahault. Note sur deux nouveaux Genres d’Algues perforantes. Journ. de Bot. 2: 162, 1888; Sur quel- ques Plantes vivant dans le Test Calcaire des Mollusques. Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 36: CLXV. pl. 10. f. 7-9; pl. 11, 1889. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 125. 1907.
Collins, Algae.—Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 249. 1804. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 302. 1897. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 54. 1899. Collins. Preliminary lists of New England plants,—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Hol- den,—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.
Plate III. fig. 9-11.
Colonies at first forming minute patches or dots, later becoming mem- branaceous or cushion-shaped, 1-2 mm. wide, yellowish, olive or brown- ish, for a time mucous, fleshy; erect filaments usually parallel, about Io mic. in diameter, 100-200 mic. long; tegument simple, gelatinous, colorless; vegetative cells usually 5-6, rarely up to 10 mic. in diameter, somewhat globose or angular, associated in filaments, sometimes irregularly branched; cell contents yellowish-olive, rarely olive to bluish-green.
Canada. In oyster shells. Malpeque, Prince Edward Island, (Faull). Maine, In dead shells. Spectacle Island, Penobscot Bay. July 1894; growing in the substance of dead shells. Seal Harbor. (Collins). Rhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut. In shells. June, August. (Holden). Massachu- setts, (Collins). California, On shells of the eastern oyster (Ostraea virginiana). Probably introduced. Bay Farm Island, Alameda. (Setch- ell).
52 Minnesota Algae
116. Hyella fontana Huber and Jadin. Sur une nouvelle Algue per- forante d’eau douce. Journ. de Bot. 6: 285. pl. 11, 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 126. 1907. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 303. 1897. Collins, Some perforating and other Algae on freshwater shells. Erythea. 5: 95. 1897.
Plate III. fig. 12.
Colonies immersed in substance of sheli, dark gray or bright blue, often very dense and then through division of cells having the aspect of Chroococcus, or loosely branched; integument almost invisible; vegetative cells 5-I0 mic. in diameter, two to four times shorter than wide; gon- idangia usually larger and more nearly spherical than the vegetative cells.
Connecticut. In shells in company with Plectonematerebrans, Gomontia holdenii. Twin lakes, Salisbury, Litchfield county. Au- gust 1895. (Setchell and Holden).
“Scattered through the shells, sometimes in rather dense, chroococ- coidal masses, sometimies in loosely branching filaments.”—Collins.
Genus DERMOCARPA Crouan. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV. 9: 70. 1858.
Colonies usually epiphytic, forming a somewhat indefinite layer; cells spherical, egg-shaped, pear-shaped, oval or oblong, solitary or united in a layer; cell contents usually blue-green or violet; reproduction by means of gonidia formed by simultaneous division of contents of the gonidangium; gonidangia oval or elongate, dissolving at apex to allow the scape of the gonidia.
I Cells somewhat oval or oblong, not contracted at base to form a stalk. 1 Cell contents blue-green, green, olive or brown D. prasina 2 Cell contents rose-colored or violet (1) Cells 4-5 mic. in diameter D. rosea (2) Cells 8-28 mic. in diameter D. violacea
II Cells contracted at base to form a stalk. 1 Colonies dark violet-brown; cells 18-25 mic. in diameter, 40-60 mic. in
length D. fucicola 2 Colonies irregularly outlined; cells 85-11 mic. in diameter, 16.5-33.5 mic. in length D. smaragdinus
3 Colonies minute; cells 9.5-17 mic. in diameter, 13-25 mic. in length D. olivaceus 4 Cells 18-24 mic. in diameter, 17-24 mic. in length D. leibleiniae var. pelagica
117. Dermocarpa prasina (Reinsch) Bornet and Thuret. Notes Algolo- gique. 2: 73-77. pl. 26. f. 6-9, 1880. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 128. 1907.
Myxophyceae 53
Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 335. 1891; Algae——Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 249. 1804. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 1. no. 1. 1895. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants,— V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900. Saunders, The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 307. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. of Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 182. 1903.
Plate III. fig. 13-15.
Colonies forming a cushion-like expansion of a somewhat spherical mass; sheaths delicate; cells, 4-24 mic. in diameter, 15-30 mic. in length, cylindrical-oblong, club-shaped or spatulate, closely packed, laterally com- pressed; cell contents homogeneous, deep blue-green or green, becoming bluish, olive or brownish; gonidia arranged in a single row in the small cylindrical gonidangia or in several rows in the larger gonidangia.
Alaska, Abundant on Sphacelaria. From Puget Sound to the Shumagin Islands. (Saunders). New England. Grows quite abundantly in spring on the coast, on the older part of the fronds of Polysiphonia fastigiata. (Collins). Maine. On Polysiphonia fastigiata. Negr Seal Harbor. (Collins). Connecticut. (Collins). Massachusetts. On Polysiphonia fastigiata, between tides. Little Nahant. April 1891. (Setchell). Rhode Island. (Collins).
118. Dermocarpa (?) rosea (Reinsch) Batters. Marine Algae of Berwich. 141. 1889. Reinsch. Contrib. Algol. et Fungol. 1: 18. pl. 26. f. 4. a-c. 1875. (Sphaenosiphon roseus Reinsch). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 130. 1907. Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 61. 1881.
Plate III. fig. 16-18.
Colonies 2-5 cm. in diameter, indefinitely expanded; tegument thick, gelatinous, hyaline, surrounding the cells; individual sheaths distinct, some- what thick; cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, ovoid-elliptical, loosely arranged; cell contents homogeneous, rose-colored.
Newfoundland. On zoophytes. Coast of Labrador. (Reinsch).
119. Dermocarpa violacea Crouan. Note sur quelques Algues Marines nouvelles de la rade de Brest. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV. 9: 7o. pl. 3. f. 2. A-D. 1858. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 129, 1907. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 556. 1899. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants,—V. Marine Algae. Rho- dora. 2: 41. 1900.
Plate III. fig. 19-21.
Colonies indefinitely expanded or forming patches, rose-red; sheaths thin; cells 8-28 mic. in diameter, oval to wedge-shaped; cell contents rose- red to violet.
New England. On Enteromorpha intestinalis. In company with Lyngbya lutea, Amphithrix violacea, etc. (Collins).
54 Minnesota Algae
Rhode Island. On Enteromorpha intestinalis. Easton’s Point, Newport. September 1898. (Simmons).
120. Dermocarpa fucicola Saunders in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. no. 801. 1901. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 129. 1907. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 397. pl. 46. f. 4, 5. Igo1. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of North- western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 181. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 26. no. 1251. 1905.
Plate III. fig. 22, 23.
Colonies 2-12 mm. in diameter, forming orbicular or irregular patches which become confluent into irregular masses of indefinite extent, dark yiolet-brown in color; cells 18-25 mic. in diameter, 40-60 mic. in length, “ovate, clavate or spatulate, much narrowed below; gonidia abundant.
Alaska. On Fucus. Puget Sound. (Saunders). Canada. North of Oak Bay, Victoria, British Columbia. July 1898. (Tilden). Washington. On Iridaea laminarioides. Minnesota reef. San Juan Island, 1808. (Tilden). On Gelidium. East Sound, Orcas Island, Washington. (Gard- ner.) On Fucus, Gigartina, Odonthalia, Amphiroa, West shore of Whidbey Island, Washington. (Gardner). On Fucus evanes- cens macrocephalus. Near Seattle. June 1899. (Saunders). Cal- ifornia. On Gelidium, middle littoral. Point Carmel. Monterey County. 3 June 1901. (Setchell).
“The present species occurs along the western coast of North America from Puget Sound to Monterey, California, and grows on all sorts of algae. In its younger and purely vegetative condition, the patches are small and the cells are long and narrow, 4-8 mic. broad and up to 28 mic. high, of equal breadth throughout. Soon they begin to broaden above giving them something of a pear-shape. In this condition they correspond closely to the description and figures given by Sauvageau (1895, p. 8 pl. 7. f. 2, 3.) of his D. biscayensis.”
“Sauvageau’s specimens, which grew on Sargassum, do not show conidia, but our specimens show that when the cells proceed to this condi- tion, they become still more swollen in the upper part, while the lower part remains narrow, resembling a sort of stipe. In conidial condition the cells measure 60-65 mic. in height and 25-35 mic. in diameter. * * * We believe that when fruiting specimens can be compared, that this species will bé found to be identical with D. biscayensis Sauvageau.”—Setchell.
121. Dermocarpa smaragdinus (Reinsch) nob. Reinsch. Contrib. Algol. et Fungol. 1: 16. pl. 25. f. 4. 1875. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 131. 1907. (Sphaenosiphon smaragdinus Reinsch).
Farlow. Marine Algae. New England. 61. 1881 Plate III. fig. 24, 25.
Colonies irregularly outlined; sheaths thick; cells 85-11 mic. in diam- eter, 16.5-33.5 mic. in length, pear-shaped or broadly wedge-shaped, rounded at the apex, prolonged at the base into a hyaline stalk about 2 mic. in diam- eter; cell contents slightly granular, deep bluish-green (smaragdinus).
Myxophyceae 55
Canada, On Polysiphonia. Lawrence River, Anticosti Island. (Reinsch). Newfoundland. On Plocamium coccineum., Labrador. (Reinsch).
122, Dermocarpa olivaceus (Reinsch) nob. Reinsch. Contrib. Algol. et Fungol. 1: 17. pl. 27. f. 2. 1875. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 132. 1907. (Sphaenosiphon olivaceus Reinsch).
Farlow. Marine Algae New England. 61. 1881. Plate III. fig. 26, 27.
Colonies minute, expanded or somewhat hemispherical; sheaths thick, lamellose; cells 9.5-17 mic. in diameter, 13-25 mic. in length, pear-shaped or wedge-shaped, broadly rounded at apex, contracted at base; cell contents finely granular.
Canada. On Ceramium rubrum. Anticosti Island. (Reinsch). Newfoundland. On Ceramium rubrum. Labrador, (Reinsch).
123. Dermocarpa leibleiniae (Reinsch) Bornet var. pelagica Wille. Die Schizophyceen d. Plankton Expedition. 50. pl. 1. f. 1, 2. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 702. 1907.
Plate III. fig. 28.
Sheaths moderately thick, lamellose; cells 18-24 mic. in diameter, 17-24 mic. in length, irregularly pear-shaped, prolonged at the base into a delicate stalk.
Bermudas. (Wille).
Genus CHAMAESIPHON Braun and Grunow in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 148. 1865.
Plants epiphytic, erect, cylindrical, somewhat filiform, club-shaped or pear-shaped, attached at base, widening upwards to free apex, solitary or aggregated; sheaths present; cell walls very thin; cell contents homoge- neous, blue-green, violet or yellow; reproduction by one-celled, non-motile gonidia which are successively cut off from the upper portion of the con- tents of the gonidangium, gradually escaping from the open apex.
I Gonidangia usually 1-2 celled. Ch. incrustans
Il Gonidangia many-celled Ch. curvatus
124. Chamaesiphon incrustans Grunow in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar, 2: 149. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 136. 1907.
MGbius. Ueber einige in Portorico gesammelte Siisswasser-und Luft- Algen. Hedwigia. 27: 246. 1888. Harvey. The Fresh-Water Algae of Maine.—III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 19: 124. 1892. Tilden. List of fresh- water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1895. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 599. 1896. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 8, 1908.
56 Minnesota Algae
Plate III. fig. 29, 30.
Gonidangia 1-2 celled, 1-3 mic. in diameter at the base, 4-8 mic. in diameter at the apex, 7-30 mic. in length, club-shaped or long cylindrical, straight or curved, solitary or densely crowded in groups; tegument color- less, at first closed, later open at apex; cell contents blue-green; gonidia about 2 mic. in diameter.
Maine. Attached to filamentous algae. Spring, College meadow, Orono. (Harvey). Minnesota. In tank in Botanical Laboratory. University, Min- neapolis, February 1896. (Tilden). Iowa, Growing on the surface of an alga, probably an Oedogonium. Eagle Grove. Hewitt’s Pond. 1904. (Buchanan). West Indies. Growing on an Oedogonium. In warm springs. Los Bafios, near Coamo. Porto Rico. (Sintenis).
125. Chamaesiphon curvatus Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sandvicensibus. 4. pl. 1. f. 1, 2. 1878. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 139. 1907. Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sand- vicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 4. 1878. Lemmermann. Algenfl, Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. 1905.
Plate III. fig. 31.
Gonidangia many-celled, 3-10 mic. in diameter, 20-100 mic. in length, somewhat cylindrical, more or less curved, rising from a narrow base; tegu-- ment colorless; cell contents blue-green.
Hawaii. Among filaments of Cladophora. Near Honolulu. Island of Oahu. (Berggren).
Order IIL. HORMOGONEAE
Plants multicellular, filamentous, attached to a substratum or free-float- ing; filaments simple or branched, usually consisting of one or more rows of cells within a sheath; reproduction occurs by means of hormogones or resting gonidia.
Family I. Oscillatoriaceae. Filaments frequently branched, containing one or more trichomes; sheaths variable, more or less gelatinous; trichomes consisting of a simple row of cells uniform along their entire length, ex- cept for the apical cells which sometimes taper more or less; heterocysts absent; reproduction by means of vegetative division and hormogones.
Family II. Nostocaceae. Sheaths very delicate, mostly confluent, usually not visible; trichomes usually twisting and entangled, consisting of a single row of uniform cells, with heterocysts; reproduction by means of vegeta- tive division, hormogones and gonidia.
Family III. Scytonemaceae. Filaments with a false branch system; sheaths firm and tubular; trichomes consisting of a single row of cells, but not of uniform thickness, with heterocysts; reproduction by means of vegetative division, hormogones and gonidia,
Family IV. Stigonemaceae. Filaments frequently branched; sheaths thick, firm, often irregular; trichomes consisting of one or several rows of cells,
Myxophyceae 57
with heterocysts; reproduction by means of vegetative division, hormo- gones and gonidia.
Family V. Rivulariaceae. Filaments tapering from the base to the apex, ending in a multicellular, colorless hair; heterocysts usually present, basal; reproduction by means of vegetative division, hormogones and gonidia.
Family I. OSCILLATORIACEAE
Filaments frequently branched, containing one or more trichomes; sheaths variable, more or less gelatinous; trichomes consisting of a simple row of cells uniform along their entire length; except for the apical cells which sometimes taper more or less; heterocysts absent; reproduction by means of vegetative division and hormogones.
é I Sheaths not present. 1 Trichomes straight or nearly so, never forming a regular spiral (1) Trichomes cylindrical, usually without sheaths, free; apex of trich-
ome straight or curved Oscillatoria (2) Trichomes cylindrical, without sheaths, united in free-swimming scale-like masses Trichodesmium 2 Trichomes forming a regular, more or less lax spiral (1) Trichomes multicellular Arthrospira (2) Trichomes unicellular Spirulina
Ti Sheaths present.
1 Filaments simple or branched; sheaths cylindrical, firm; trichomes single within the sheath; apex of trichome straight
(1) Filaments simple, more or less agglutinated by their mucous
sheaths Phormidium (2) Filaments simple, free, free-floating or forming a matted mass Lyngbya (3) Filaments often branched, forming erect tufts; false branches solitary Symploca (4) Filaments simple; sheaths usually purple or flesh-colored; apical cell not capitate Porphyrosiphon
2 Filaments frequently branched; sheaths firm, lamellose, transparent or colored; trichomes several within the sheath (1) Sheaths more or less mucous, colorless, diffluent; trichomes few within the sheath; apex of trichome capitate Hydrocoleus (2) Filaments prostrate, woven ‘into a solid membranaceous mass, often slightly branched; sheaths solid, always thin, colorless; plants terrestrial or aquatic Hypheothrix (3) Filaments prostrate at the base, above forming erect tufts; sheaths solid, transparent; plants terrestrial Symplocastrum (4) Filaments tufted, often much branched; sheaths transparent or scarcely colored; plants low, aquatic Inactis
58 Minnesota Algae
(5) Filaments branched; sheaths solid, closed at the apex, of various colors; trichomes densely aggregated within the sheath Schizothrix (6) Sheaths wide, transparent or yellowish brown; trichomes very few within the sheath, very loosely aggregated
Dasygloea (7) Sheaths mucous, not lamellose, always transparent; trichomes many within the sheath Microcoleus
3 Colonies somewhat spherical, elliptical or spindle-shaped; filaments solitary or aggregated in colonies; sheaths thick, gelatinous (1) Sheaths very thick; trichomes usually single or in scattered frag- ments Catagnymene (2) Colonies somewhat spherical; sheaths thick; trichomes curved, radiating Haliarachne
Genus OSCILLATORIA Vaucher. Hist. Conferves. 165. 1803.
Trichomes cylindrical, free, motile, without a sheath or rarely enclosed in a very thin, fragile, mucous sheath, often constricted at the joints; apex of trichome straight, curved, or more or less regularly spiralled, often tapering; outer wall of apical cell often thickened, forming a calyptra.
I Plants living in fresh water, floating; apex of trichome constantly straight, gradually tapering, obtuse, finally capitate; cells somewhat quad- rate or shorter than the diameter, never very short. 1 Plant mass purple; trichomes 2.2-5 mic. in diameter; cells some- what quadrate or longer than the diameter O. prolifica 2 Plant mass light blue-green; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or twice as short as the diameter O. agardhii
Il Plants living in fresh water, sometimes in hot water; trichomes large or very large; apex of trichome straight, curved or spiral, not at all or briefly tapering, obtuse; cells very short. 1 Transverse walls never granulated (1) Trichomes 16-60 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome slightly taper- ing, somewhat capitate, hooked O, princeps (2) Trichomes 12-15 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome tapering, capitate, hooked or loosely terebriform O. proboscidea 2 Transverse walls frequently granulated (1) Apex of trichome straight A Trichomes 10-20 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apex of trichome very briefly tapering, somewhat capitate O. sancta B_ Trichomes 11-20 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome neither tapering nor capitate O. limosa
Myxophyceae 59
(2) Apex of trichome spiral, rarely hooked A. Trichomes 10-17 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex
of trichome not capitate O. curviceps B_ Trichomes 18-23 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome slightly taper- ing, obtusely rounded, usually straight O. major
C Trichomes 9-11 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints, here and there interrupted by inflated, refringent cells; apical cell not capitate O. ornata
D Trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, here ‘and there interrupted by inflated, refringent cells; apical cell capitate O. anguina
III Plants living in salt water; trichomes always constricted at joints, rarely straight or spiral throughout; apex of trichome scarcely taper- ing, very gradually curved, obtuse.
1 Trichomes twisted into a regular spiral O. bonnemaisonii 2 Trichomes not spiral, gradually curved in apical portion, rarely straight (1) Plant mass dull red; trichomes 16-24 mic. in diameter O. miniata (2) Plant mass olive green; trichomes 17-29 mic. in diameter O. margaritifera (3) Plant mass dark olive green; trichomes 7-I1 mic. in diameter, straight, fragile O. nigro-viridis (4) Plant mass thin, fragile; trichomes 9.6-11.9 mic. in diameter, some- times spirally coiled, sometimes curved or even nearly straight O. capitata (5) Plants epiphytic; trichomes 6-10 mic. in diameter, flexuous, flexible O. corallinae
JV Plants living in fresh water, sometimes in hot water; trichomes straight or curved, not tapering at the apices. 1. Trichomes 8.5 mic. in diameter, straight or slightly flexuous O. nigra 2 Trichomes 4-10 mic. in diameter, usually slightly constricted at the joints, often curved at the apices; transverse walls usually furnished with two rows of granules O. tenuis 3 Trichomes 2-3 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, curved at the apices; transverse walls commonly marked by two protoplas- mic granules O. amphibia 4 Trichomes 1-1.5 mic. in diameter, straight or rolled in a circinate manner O. subtilissima 5 Trichomes 2.3-4 mic. in diameter, curved, very much constricted at joints; transverse walls pellucid, not granulated O. geminata 6 Trichomes 2.5 mic. in diameter, especially constricted at joints; trans- verse walls pellucid O. minnesotensis
60
: Minnesota Algae
7 Trichomes 3.5-4 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; trans-
verse walls pellucid, not granulated O. chlorina
8 Trichomes .6 mic. in diameter, flexible, elongate, tangled, not con-
stricted at joints QO. angustissima
V_ Plants living in fresh water, hot water, rarely in salt water; trichomes tapering, more or less pointed, hooked or flexuous, not entirely spiralled (except O. chalybea); cells longer or shorter than the diameter, never very short. 1 Apical cell capitate (1) Trichomes 2-3 mic. in diameter; cells longer than their diameter
O. splendida
(2) Trichomes 2.5-5 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate
O. amoena
2 Apical cell not capitate (1) Plants living in salt water
A
Cc
(2)
A
Trichomes 4.7-6.5 mic. in diameter, flexible, undulating; apex of trichome very gradually tapering, very flexuous O. subuliformis Trichomes 4 mic. in diameter, somewhat flexuous, sometimes coiled in a regular circle, very much constricted at joints; apex of trichome tapering, slightly curved, obtuse O. salinarum Trichomes 3-5 mic. in diameter, fragile, straight; apex of trichome briefly tapering, hooked or undulating O. laete-virens Plants living in fresh water, often in hot water, rarely in brackish water Trichomes 3-5 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome briefly tapering, very sharply pointed, hooked; cells usually longer than their diameter Q. acuminata Trichomes 3-4 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome briefly tapering, very sharply pointed, hooked; cells usually shorter than their diameter O. animalis Trichomes 4-4.5 mic. in diameter, straight, entangled; transverse walls granulated; cell contents violet or sky-blue O. violacea Trichomes 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, here and there interrupted by inflated refringent cells; apex of trichome briefly tapering, hooked or flexuous; cells three times shorter than their diam-
eter QO. brevis Trichomes 4-7 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome obtuse straight, rarely slightly curved O. cruenta
Trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome briefly and somewhat obtusely tapering, hooked; cells quadrate or one-half as long as wide
O. formosa
Myxophyceae 61
G Trichomes 2.5-4 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apex of trichome very gradually*tapering, hooked or undulating; cells quadrate or longer than the diameter O. numidica
H_ Trichomes 5.5-8 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome very gradually tapering, hooked or undulat- ing; cells quadrate or longer than the diameter, very long near the apex O. cortiana
Il Trichomes 5§.5-9 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apex of trichome very gradually tapering, undulating and finally hooked; apical cell obtuse; cells shorter than their diameter
O. okeni
J Trichomes 8-13 mic. in diameter, scarcely constricted at joints, sometimes twisted in loose spirals; apex of trichome briefly or gradually tapering and hooked; apical cell obtuse; cells shorter than their diameter O. chalybea
K Trichomes 8-10 mic. in diameter, straight, somewhat constricted at joints; apex of trichome often slightly tapering, obtuse, straight or curved O. subsalsa
L_ Trichomes 15.5-18.5 mic. in diameter, straight; apex of trichome usually curved, somewhat tapering, obtuse-truncate
O. percursa
VI Plants living in fresh water, sometimes in hot water; trichomes regu- larly terebriform in apical portion or forming a spiral throughout their en- tire length, more or less tapering in the apical portion.
1 Trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, forming a lax and regular spiral through their entire length, or straight and hooked at the apex; apical cell pointed, not capitate O. boryana
2 Trichomes 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, flexuous, straight below, loosely spiralled and terebriform above; apical cell obtuse, not capitate
O. terebriformis Species not well understood.
O. subtorulosa
126. Oscillatoria prolifica (Greville) Gomont. Monographie des Oscil- lariées. 225. pl. 6. f. 8. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 149. 1907.
Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae Am.-Bor. exsicc. no. 229. 1889. (O. diffusa Farlow). Trelease. The “Working” of the Madison Lakes. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters. 7: 122. pl. 10, 1889. Hauck and Richter. Phykotheka Universalis. no. 477. 1892. Collins, Holden and Setch- ell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 4. no. 154. 1896. Moore, The Pollution of Water Supplies by Algae. Rhodora. 1: roo, 1899; The causes of the red-brown color in certain Cyanophyceae. Soc. Plant. Morph. and Phys. Sci. N. S. 13: 248. 1901. Hyams and Richards. Notes on Oscillatoria prolifica (Gre- ville). Tech. Quart. 14: 302. 1901; 15: 308. 1902; 17: 270. 1904. Olive. Notes on the occurrence of Oscillatoria prolifica (Greville) Gomont in the Ice of Pine Lake, Waukesha County, Wisconsin. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. 15: 124. 1905.
62 Minnesota Algae
Plate IV. fig. 1.
Plant mass expanded, floating, purple, when dried becoming lilac; trichomes 2.2-5 mic. in diameter, straight, elongate, flexible, not constricted at joints, when old gradually tapering at apex, obtuse, capitate; cells 4-6 mic. in length, subquadrate or a little longer than wide; apical cell-slightly tapering, truncate; calyptra depressed conical; transverse walls frequently granulated; cell contents refringent, coarsely granular.
Massachusetts. Giving a pronounced purple color to the water of Jamaica Pond. 1884. (Farlow). Jamaica Pond. (Moore, Hyams and Rich- ards). Floating freely or forming scum. Jamaica Pond, Boston. (Collins). Forming a floating scum. Jamaica Pond, Jamaica Plain. December 1893. (Burrage). Wisconsin. Pine Lake, Waukesha County. August, October 1900. July 1905. (Olive).
127. Oscillatoria agardhii Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 225. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 149. 1907. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 30. no. 1451. 1908. Plate IV. fig. 2.
Plant mass widely expanded, floating, light blue-green; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, straight throughout entire length, fragile, not constricted at joints, gradually tapering towards the apex, obtuse, capitate; cells 2.5-3.5 mic. in length; apical cell slightly tapering, truncate; calyptra convex; trans- verse walls granulated; cell contents coarsely granular, pale blue-green.
Missouri. St. Louis. December 1906. (Hus).
128. Oscillatoria princeps Vaucher. Hist. Conferves d’eau douce. 190. pl. 15. f. 2. 1803. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 226. pl. 6. f. 9. 1903. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 150. 1907.
Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 124. 1858. Mazé and Schramm. Essai class. Algues Guadeloupe. 17. 1870-77. Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae N. A. 20, 1872. (O. imperator Wood). Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae Am.-Bor. exsicc. no. 177. 1877. Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae aq. dulc. exsicc. no. 393. 1877-87. Raben- horst. Algen Europas. no. 2535. 1878. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 317. pl. 207. f. 20, 22; pl. 208. f. 3, 4. 1887. Collins. Flora of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888. Mobius. Ueber einige in Portorico gesammelte Siisswasser- und Luft-Algen. Hedwigia. 27: 248. 1888. Ben- nett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Trelease. The “Working” of the Madison Lakes. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters. 7: 125. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 610. 1880. Mackenzie. A preliminary list of Algae collected in the neighborhood of Toronto. Proc. of Can. Inst. III. 7: 270. 1890. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta Flora of Nebraska. ai. pl. 1. £. 17. 1894. Tilden. List of Fresh-water Algae collected in Min- nesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 235. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. I. no, 2. 1895. Tilden, Am. Alg. Cent. II. no. 187. 1896; Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 101. pl. 9. f. 19. 1898; Am. Alg. Cent. TIT. no. 296. 1898. Col- lins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants,--V. Marine Algae. Rho-
Myxophyceae 63
dora. 2: 42. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. I9OI. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwest- ern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 182. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden—II. Rhodora. 7: 235. 1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 26. no. 1253. 1905. Brown. Algal Periodicity in certain ponds and streams, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 243, 247. 1908. Buchanan, Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 15. 1908. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1. no. 649. 1909.
Plate IV. fig. 3.
Plant mass dark green or black; trichomes 16-60 mic. in diameter, straight, rigid, fragile when dried, not constricted at joints, slightly taper- ing, more or less curved and somewhat truncate at apex, somewhat capi- tate; apical cell convex above; calyptra none; cells 3.5-7 mic. in length;
transverse walls never granulated; cell contents finely granular, rarely showing coarser granules.
Canada. High Park, Toronto. (Mackenzie). United States. Frequent in ponds and pools from Maine to Florida. (Wolle). Massachusetts. Floating on quiet pool. Saugus. (Collins). Cambridge. July 1890. (Farlow). Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). Connecticut. Bruce’s Brook; Fresh Pond. July, September, October; resting on muddy bottom and floating in considerable masses on the surface of quiet water. Parrott’s Pond, Bridge- port. July 1892. (Holden). New Jersey. Frequent in ponds and pools. Cape May; Dennisville. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. Bethlehem. August 1877. (Wolle). Alabama. Auburn. May 1896. (Baker). Indiana. In ponds near Bloomington. June to November. (Brown). Ohio. In washings of stones and of plants growing in lake. Lake Erie. (Snow). Wisconsin. In a brook. Near Madison. (Trelease). Minnesota. Bridal Veil Falls, Minneapolis. June 1894. (Tilden). Iowa. Fayette. (Fink). Ames. (Bessey).
Pond, amid dense growth of Lemna. Eagle Grove. (Buchanan). Ne- braska. Occasionally found among other algae in the Dismal River region and in many places in the eastern part of the state. (Saunders). Wyo-
ming. “Forming a black, thick floating mass in mountain stream at vent of hot spring. Gradually runs out, being replaced by green at a distance of fifty feet from vent. Temperature five feet from spring 42° C.; fifty feet from spring 38° C.” Mountains near Nez Perces Creek, Lower Geyser Basin. June 1896; forming dark green velvety mass fringing edge of small mountain creek where a hot spring flows out just underneath the bank. Temperature of water one inch below surface 19° C.; on surface 58° C. Near Emerald Pool. Upper Geyser Basin. July 1896. Yellowstone National Park. (Tilden). Washington. In pond on shore of lake. Green Lake, King County. July 1897. (Tilden). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé and Schramm). In river near “Coamo.” Porto Rico. (Sentenis). In mats in stream. St. Ann’s Bay. Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey). Bath, Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler).
Forma purpurea Collins in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-
64 Minnesota Algae
Am. Fasc. 16. no. 753. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am, Acad. Arts. Sci. 37: 239. 1901. De Toni. 1. c. 152.
Plant mass bright purple; trichomes bright purple.
West Indies. Forming a stratum on a roadside brook, near the baths. Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler).
129. Oscillatoria proboscidea Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 229. pl. 6, f. 10, 11. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 152. 1907.
Crouan in Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 17. 1870. (O. antillarum Crouan). Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Al- gae North America. 20. pl. 2. f. 5. a, b. 1872. (O. neglecta Wood). Collins. Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 289. 1901. Col- lins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1159. 1904. Setch- ell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 182. 1903.
Plate IV. fig. 4.
Plant mass dark green; trichomes 12-15 mic. in diameter, straight or somewhat flexuous, here and there spiral, not constricted at joints, some- times mixed with other Oscillatorias; apex of trichome briefly tapering, capitate, almost truncate, curved or loosely spiralled; apical cell showing a convex, slightly thickened outer membrane; cells 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls never granulated; cell contents finely granular.
Alaska, In a small pond of fresh water. Glacier Valley, Unalaska. 1899. (Lawson). Pennsylvania. In shallow ditches along railroad track. Near Manayunk. (Wcod). California. On rocks in stream. North Berkeley. March 1901. (Gardner). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé and Schramm), In a pool by “Wag Water” and in stream from reservoir. Castleton, Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey).
130. Oscillatoria sancta Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 30. pl. 42. f. 7. 1845-1849. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 229. pl. 6. f. 12, 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 153. 1907.
Tilden. Am. Alg. Cent. I. no, 73. 1894. (O. limosa). Collins, Hol- den and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. to. no. 500. 1808. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—III. Erythea. 7: 53. 1899. Tilden, Am. Alg. Cent. V. no. 495. 1901; Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 166. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 182, 1903.
Plate IV. fig. 5.
Plant mass dark lead-colored, becoming violet when dried and tinting paper a beautiful violet; trichomes 10-20 mic. in diameter, elongate, flexible, straight or curved, fragile when dried, constricted at joints; apex of trich- ome very briefly tapering, somewhat capitate, straight; cells 2.5-6 mic. in length; wall of apical cell strongly thickened into a conspicuous convex calyptra; transverse walls marked with densely crowded coarse granules; cell contents olive green or mouse-colored.
Myxophyceae 65
New York. At bottom of warm spring. Lebanon Springs. (Harrison). Minnesota. Growing in somewhat dry sheets on sides of wooden tables in greenhouse. St. Paul. November 1894. (Tilden). Washington. In a small pond of fresh water. Port Townsend, (Gardner). California. At bottom of cold stream. Near Oakland. (Setchell). On earth among flower pots in conservatories. University of California. Berkeley. (Nott). Hawaii. Forming a reddish-brown skin on wet sides of cliff. Falls four miles from mouth of river. Waialuka River. Hilo, Island of Hawaii. July 1900; on muddy sides of sewer ditch. Kealea Plantation, Kauai. July 1900. (Tilden).
Var, caldariorum (Hauck) Lagerheim. Algologiska Bidrag. Bot. No- tiser. 49. 1886. Gomont. 1. c. 230. 1893. De Toni. 1. c. 154. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no. 1055. 1903. Trichomes 10-14 mic. in diameter.
California. On moist ground in conservatory. Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. December 1902. (Gardner):
Var. aequinoctialis Gomont. |. c. 230. 1893. De Toni. I. c. 154. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 11. no. 502. 1898; Fasc. 28. no. 1352. 1907.
Trichomes 15-20 mic. in diameter.
Massachusetts, In stagnant water in claypit. West Medford. September 1906. (Collins). California. Forming dark brown patches on damp soil in greenhouses. University of California, Berkeley. 1896. (Nott).
131. QOscillatoria limosa Agardh. Disp. Alg. Suec. 35. 1812. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 230. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 154. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 313. pl. 206. 1887. Collins, Algae of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888; Marine Algae of Nan- tucket. 4. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and adjacent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 90. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889. (O. froelichii Kg.). Macken- zie, A preliminary list of Algae collected in the neighborhood of Toronto. Proc. of Can. Inst. III. 7: 270. 1890. Jelliffe. A preliminary list of the plants found in the Ridgewood Water Supply of the City of Brooklyn, King’s County, N. Y. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 20: 243. 1803; A preliminary report upon the microscopical organisms found in the Brooklyn water supply. Brook. Med. Journ. 7: 602. 1893; A further contribution to the microscopical examination of the Brooklyn water supply. Brook. Med. Journ. 8: 592. 1804. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 72. 1894. Collins, Algae. Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 248. 1894. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 21. 1894. Tilden. List of Freshwater Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 235. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 253. 1897. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. —III. Erythea. 7: 53. 1899. Collins. Preliminary lists of New England Plants.—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Tilden. American Aigae. Cent. VI. no. 592. 1902. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1993. (O. froehlichii Kuetz.).
66
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 183. 1903. Collins, Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. —II. Rhodora. 7: 235. 1905. Riddle. Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Brown. Algal Periodicity in certain ponds and streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 243, 247. 1908. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 31. no. 1503. 1908. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 14. 1908. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1. no. 648. 19009.
Plate IV. fig. 6.
Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 11-20 mic. in diameter, crowded, straight (in dried specimens rigid and fragile), not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, not at all or scarcely tapering, not capitate; apical cell showing a convex, somewhat thickened outer wall; cells 2-5 mic. in diameter; transverse walls frequently granulated; cell contents blue- green or olive.
Canada. Humber River, Toronto. (Mackenzie). United States. (Wolle). Maine. In fresh water. Mount Desert Island. (Holden). Massachusetts. Newton. (Farlow). Charles River, Newton; on wharves, Nantucket; in claypit, Glenwood, Medford, April 1892. (Collins). Rhode Island. (Col- lins). Connecticut. On sandy bottom and floating in fresh water ditch, May 1892; Berkshire Mill Pond (brackish), Bridgeport, May 1894; stream, Stratford; Great Falls of the Housatonic; ditch below Factory Pond, floating and attached to plants; Berkshire Mill Pond; forming a dark purple stratum on plants in running water, Pequonnock River, below Fac- tory Pond Dam. (Holden). New York. Brooklyn water supply. Decem- ber and February. (Jelliffe). New Jersey. Stapleton and Tomkinsville, Staten Island. (Pike). Frequent, on wet earth. (Wolle). Texas. 1902. (Fanning.) Ohio. Brush Lake, Champaign County. 1902, (Riddle). In washings of stones and of plants growing in the lake. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Indiana. Faris Pond, Fees Pond, Monon Pond, Jordan Branch. Near Bloomington. December until May. (Brown). Minnesota. Growing mostly beneath surface of water. Current very swift. State Fish Hatcheries, St. Paul. September 1894. (Tilden). In rapidly running water, forming brown coating on decayed leaves. Minnehaha Creek, above the Falls, Minneapolis. October 1901. (Hone). Iowa. In a sulphur spring, Iowa Falls. June 1904. (Gardner). Very common. Iowa City. (Hobby). Fayette. (Fink). On damp earth, forming a thin coating. Ames. (Bessey, Buchanan). Moist earth; floating in Hewitt’s Pond, Eagle Grove; on moist soil in the greenhouse. Ames. (Buchanan). Nebraska. Common on damp earth, forming a blue-green coating. (Saunders). Washington. Floating on ditches of slightly brackish water. La Conner, Skagit County; Whidbey Island. (Gardner).
Var. badia Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 188. 1896. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 157. 1907.
Plant mass forming a thin scum on rocks, afterwards breaking loose and floating on surface of water, brownish; trichomes 9.5 mic. in diameter; cells 5-9.5 mic. in length; cell contents drab or light brown.
Myxophyceae 67
Minnesota. On rocks. Grand Marais, Lake Superior. July 1806. (Elft- man).
132. Oscillatoria curviceps Agardh. Syst. Alg. 68. 1824. Gomont. Mon- ogr. Oscill. 233. pl. 6. f. 14. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 157. 1907. Mazé and Schramm. Essai class. Algues Guadeloupe. 16. 1870-77. (O. subsalsa dulcis). Dame and Collins. Flora of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888. (O. froelichii viridis). Tilden, Ameri- can Algae. Cent. II. no. 189. 1896. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Addi- tions to the reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Neb. 5: 13. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1305. 1906.
Plate IV. fig. 7.
Plant mass light or dark blue-green; trichomes 10-17 mic. in diameter, elongate, straight below, above curved or twisted into a loose spiral, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome not or scarcely tapering, not capi- tate; cells 2-5 mic. in length; outer wall of apical cell convex, sometimes slightly thickened; transverse walls sometimes marked by two rows of granules; cell contents uniformly granular or showing larger granules.
United States. (Wolle, Farlow). Massachusetts. Medford claypits. (Collins). Nebraska. On moist soil, greenhouse. Lincoln. (Bessey). Colorado. On surface of slow-flowing water in swamp. Five miles south- east of Fort Collins. July 1896. (Cowen). California. Outlet of Lake Temescal, Oakland. July 1905. (Gardner). West Indies. (Crouan).
133. Oscillatoria major Vaucher. Hist. Conferves d’eau douce. 192. pl. 15. f. 3. 1803. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 157. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889. West. The Freshwater Algae of Maine. Journ. of Bot. 29: 356. 1891.
Plant mass membranaceous, mucous, blue-green, lead-colored or dark steel-blue; trichomes 18-23 mic. in diameter, straight, often arranged longi- tudinally in narrow bundles; apex of trichome somewhat tapering, ob- tusely rounded, usually straight; cells 4.5-6 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated on both sides.
Maine. Scarbro’. (Aubert). New Jersey. In sluggish and stagnant waters. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. Borders of ponds and pools. (Wolle).
134. Oscillatoria ornata Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 30. pl. 42. £. 9. 1845-1849. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 234. pl. 6. f. 15. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 158. 1907.
Plate IV. fig. 8.
Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 9-11 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints, here and there interrupted by inflated and refringent cells, straight below, above twisted into a loose spiral, slightly and grad- ually tapering; apex of trichome not capitate, obtuse; apical cell convex above; calyptra none; cells 2-5 mic. in length; transverse walls frequently granulated.
68 Minnesota Algae
Massachusetts. (Collins).
135. Oscillatoria anguina Bory. Dict. class. d’hist, nat. 12: 467. 1827. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 234. pl. 6. f. 16. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 159. 1907.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 74. 1894; List of Fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 235. 1895. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc, 22, no, 1052. 1903.
Plate IV. fig. 9.
Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, not con- stricted at joints, frequently interrupted by inflated and refringent cells, straight below, above terebriform, gradually tapering; apex of trichome capitate, obtuse; outer wall of apical cell slightly thickened; cells 1.5-2.5 mic. in length; transverse walls sometimes granulated.
Minnesota. On moist earth. State Fish Hatcheries, St. Paul, August 1894; in stream formed by springs, Second Creek, Lake City, Wabasha County. September 1894. (Tilden). California. Floating among Chara in a small stream. Near Richmond, Contra Costa County. November 1902. (Gardner). West Indies. In still water. Roaring River, near St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey).
136. Oscillatoria bonnemaisonii Crouan in Desmazieres. Pl. Crypt. France. II. no. 537. 1858. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 235. pl. 6. f. 17, 18. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 159. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:' 138, 1877; Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 316. pl. 207. f. 16, 17. 1887. West, W. Jun. Some Oscillarioideae from the Plankton. Journ. of Bot. 37: 337. 1899. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 183. 1903. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. 1905. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1. no. 647. 1909.
Plate IV. fig. ro.
Trichomes 18-36 mic. in diameter, forming loose and regular spirals, elongate, flexible, somewhat constricted at joints; apex of trichome neither tapering nor capitate; apical cell with convex outer wall, not capitate; calyptra none; cells 3-6 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents finely granular, uniformly strewn with larger granules.
Pennsylvania. Wet soil, recently inundated. (Wolle). Washington. In salt marshes. Whidbey Island. (Gardner). West Indies. In plankton. (Murray and Blackman). Hawaii. On marine algae. Laysan. 1896-97. (Schauinsland). Mixed with other algae, floating in lagoon on beach. Seaconnot, near Hilo, Island of Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).
137. Oscillatoria miniata Hauck. Die Meeresalgen Deutschlands und Oesterreichs. 508. 1885. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 236. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 160. 1907.
Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 16. 1870-1877. Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ.
Myxophyceae 69
of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. West. Some Oscillarioideae from the Plankton. Journ. of Bot. 37: 337. pl. 400 a. 1899.
Plant mass dull red; trichomes 16-24 mic. in diameter, straight, con- stricted at joints (?), apex of trichome briefly tapering, obtuse, capitate; apical cell showing a slightly convex calyptra; cells 7-11 mic. in length; cell contents homogeneous or slightly granular, pale or dark red.
West Indies, (Mazé and Schramm), In plankton. (Murray and Black- man.)
138. Oscillatoria margaritifera Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 31. pl. 43. f. 10. 1845. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 236. pl. 6. f. 19. 1893, De Toni. Syll Algar. 5: 161. 1907.
Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. Collins, Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900.
Plate IV. fig. 11.
Plant mass black; trichomes 17-29 mic. in diameter, straight, con- stricted at joints, curved gradually and for some distance from the end; apex of trichome slightly tapering, obtuse; apical cell capitate; calyptra slightly convex; cells 3-6 mic. in diameter; transverse walls lined with granules; cell contents olive green.
Massachusetts. Northern part of state. (Collins). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé).
139. Oscillatoria nigro-viridis Thwaites in Harvey. Phyc. Brit. Syn. XXXIX. no. 375. pl. 251. A. 1846-1851. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 237. pl. 6. £. 20. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 161. 1907.
Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 33. 1881. (O. limosa cha- ly bea). West. Some Oscillarioideae from the Plankton. Journ. of Bot. 37: 337. 1890. Collins. Preliminary lists of New England Plants.—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no. 1056. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of North- western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 183. 1903.
Plate IV. fig. 12.
Plant mass very dark olive green; trichomes 7-11 mic. in diameter, moderately long, somewhat straight, fragile, constricted at joints, curved gradually and for some distance from the end; apex of trichome tapering, obtuse; apical cell somewhat capitate, with convex and slightly thickened outer wall; cells 3-5 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated; cell con- tents pale green or olive.
Maine. Forming a slimy layer on piles. Eastport. (Farlow). Forming a black, very thin film on muddy beams under old tide mill. Harpswell. July 1902. (Collins). Massachusetts. Northern part of state. (Collins). Washington. In salt marshes. Whidbey Island. (Gardner). Seattle. (Foster). West Indies. In plankton. (Murray and Blackman).
70 , Minnesota Algae 140. Oscillatoria capitata W. West Jun. Some Oscillarioideae from the Plankton. Journ. of Bot. 37: 337. pl. 400 a. 1899. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 162. 1907. Plate IV. fig. 13-15.
Trichomes 9.6-11.9 mic. in diameter, free or forming a delicate fragile mass, at times spirally coiled and twisted, or curved, or even nearly straight, slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome slightly tapering; cells 4-8.5 mic. in length; apical cell 6.9-9.1 mic. in diameter, 6.7-8.1 mic. in length, at constriction 3.6-8 mic. in diameter; calyptra more or less con- vex and closely appressed; transverse walls not granulated; cell con- tents homogeneous or somewhat granular.
West Indies, Lat. 23” 44’ N.; long. 45° 30° W. (Murray and Blackman).
Wille considers this species to be a variety of Catagnymene spiralis Lemmermann. ‘
141. Oscillatoria corallinae Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées homo- cystées. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 356. 1890; Monogr. Oscill. 238. pl. 6. f. 21. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 162. 1907.
Collins. Preliminary lists of New England Plants—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden—lI. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905. Lemmermann. Algenfl, Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. 1905.
Plate IV. fig. 16.
Trichomes gregarious, forming a delicate coating on larger algae, 6-19 mic. in diameter, very long, flexuous, at times contorted, contracted at joints, curved gradually and for some distance from the end; apex of trichome scarcely tapering; cells 2.7-4 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents granular; apical cell somewhat capitate, with convex, slightly thickened outer wall.
Connecticut. On Gelidium. Woodmont; on Enteromorpha, below Yellow Mill Bridge, September. (Holden). West Indies. In a pellicle on coral rock. Port Antonio. March 1893. (Humphrey). Among other algae, near Kingston, Duerden. (Collins). Hawaii. Washings from marine algae. Laysan Island. (Schauinsland).
142. Oscillatoria nigra Vaucher. Hist. Conferves d’eau douce. 192. no. 3. pl. 15. f. 4. 1803. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 164. 1907.
Collins, Algae of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888. Ben- net. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. West. The Freshwater Algae of Maine. 27: 207. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609, 1889. Anderson. List of California Marine Algae, with notes. Zoe. 2: 217. 1891. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 14. 1908.
Plant mass more or less compact, somewhat membranaceous, usually floating, lead-colored or dark olive green, glistening; trichomes 8.5 mic. in diameter, straight or slightly flexuous; apex of trichome tapering, ob- tusely rounded; apical cell usually straight, somewhat beak-like, bearded,
rarely slightly curved; cells equal in length to the diameter, after division shorter; transverse walls very distinctly granulated; cell contents finely granular, pale olive,
United States. (Bailey). Maine. (West). Massachusetts. Newton. (Farlow). Malden. (Collins). Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). New Jersey. Frequent in wet places. (Wolle). Iowa. Usually floating free in stagnant water. Iowa City. (Hobby). Ames. (Bessey, Buchanan). California. On moist cliffs above high tide. Common. (Anderson).
143. Oscillatoria tenuis Agardh. Algarum. Decades. 2: 25. 1813. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 240. pl. 7. £. 23. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 166. 1907.
Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 16. 1870-77. Rabenhorst. Algen Europa’s. no. 2536. 1878. (O. cortiana). Dickie. On the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 8, 1880. Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Appalachia. 3. 236. 1883. -Wolle, Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 313. pl. 206. f. 14. 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Col- lins. Algae of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888. (O. viridis). Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1880. Rosenvinge. Les Algues Marines du Groenland. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 19: 162. 1894. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 75. 1894. Saunders, Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 21. pl. 1. f. 16. 1804. Tilden, List of Fresh-water Algae col- lected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 235. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. 102. 1895. Tilden, American Algae. Cent. II. no. 190. 1896. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127. 1806. Rosen- vinge. Deuxiéme Mémoire sur les Algues Marines du Groenland. Medd. om Groenland. 20: 121. 1898. Tilden. List of Fresh-water Algae col- lected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 29. 1898. Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 101. p}. 9. f. 20. 1808. Collins, Preliminary Lists of New England Plants,— V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bul. for 1902. 22: 393. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 183. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905. Bérgesen and Jonsson. The distribution of the Marine Algae of the Arctic Sea and of the Northernmost Part of the Atlantic. Botany of the Faeroes. Appendix. XXV. 1905. Brown, Algal periodicity in cer- tain ponds and streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 242, 247. 1908. Bu- chanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 14. 1908.
Plate IV. fig. 17, 18.
Plant mass thin, bright, rarely dull blue-green; trichomes 4-10 mic. in diameter, straight, fragile, usually slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight or curved, neither tapering nor capitate; apical cell con- vex, showing a slightly thickened outer wall; cells 2.6-5 mic. in length;
72 : Minnesota Algae
transverse walls usually furnished with two rows of granules; cell con- tents pale blue-green.
Arctic Regions. Fresh water. 82° 27’ lat. N. (Dickie). Greenland. Western part, south of 61° lat. N. (Rosenvinge). Western part. (Borgesen and Jonsson). New Hampshire. On mosses. Mill Brook, Shelburne. (Far- low). Massachusetts. Newton. (Farlow). Malden and Reading. On rocks and trunks of trees. (Collins). Rhode Island. Providence. (Lathrop). New Jersey. In stagnant waters; frequent. (Wolle). (Collins). Connecti- cut, Bruce’s Brook. October 1890; floating in pool below Factory Pond; Housatonic River, on wall of quartz mill; Fresh Pond; Pequonnock River, Bridgeport. (Holden). New York. In deep pool. Ithaca flats. April 1895. (Atkinson). Pennsylvania. Dripping, mossy rocks, pools, margins of pools, or free swimming; in hot water. (Wolle). Ohio. In plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Indiana. “Three different species of Qscillatoria appeared in considerable abundance in the ponds and streams under observation. These were Oscillator ia tenuis, O. limosa and O. princeps. Some other species were noticed but they did not persist any length of time. O. tenuis was the most abundant form both in quantity and distribution. It was abundant in stream no. I. (Jor- dan Branch), especially in the lower part, and in the smaller of the water- works ponds during the greater part of the year. In stream no. I it grew on the stones in the bottom, forming a tolerably dense stratum. A similar stratum formed on the rocks at the outlet of pond no. 4 (Monon Pond) whenever sufficient water flowed over the spillway to keep them wet. Around the edge of the smaller of the water-works ponds there was usually a stratum covering the bottom in the shallow water. Whenever sufficient oxygen collected in the meshes of a mass it was loosened and floated on the surface.’—Brown. Minnesota. Lining sides of tanks in Zoological Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. November 1894. (Til- den). In arm of Mississippi River (old channel). St. Paul Park. October 1897. (Freeman). Nebraska. Rocks, pools, margins of ponds, or floating free; common throughout the state. (Saunders). Wyoming. In small mountain spring in a bog, together with moss and water cress. Valley of Nez Perces Creek, Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. June 1896. (Tilden). Washington, Floating in slightly brackish water in a ditch. La Conner, Skagit County. (Gardner). “Agrees well with O. tenuis, except that it is hardly at all torulose.”—Setchell. West Indies. Guade- loupe. (Mazé and Schramm). Bath. July 1900. (Pease and Butler).
‘Var. natans (Kuetzing) Gomont. |. c. 241. De Toni. 1. c. 168.
Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889. (O. natans Kg.). Tilden. American Al- gae. Cent. I. no. 76. 1894; List of Fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 235. 1895. Snow. The Plankton Algae cf Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 393. 1903. Collins.
Pl eae Ney Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905.
Myxophyceae 73
Connecticut. Bruce’s Brook, Bridgeport. October, December, (Holden): New Jersey. Fresh water ponds, frequent. (Wolle). Ohio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Wisconsin. Floating in tanks. Trout mere. Osceola. October 1894. (Tilden). California. In a stream at the outlet of Lake Chabot, San Leandro, Alameda County. May 1903. (Gardner).
Var. tergestina (Kuetz.) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 102. 1865. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 241. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 168. 1907.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. IV. no. 400. 1900. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 14. no. 651. 1900. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 593. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of North- western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 183. 1903.
Trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter.
Rhode Island. Forming small patches of a verdigris-green color in warm water of escape from a steam boiler. Berkeley. March 1894. (Setchell and Osterhout), ‘Minnesota. In polyzoan colony. Mississippi River, St. Paul. 1898. (Freeman). In pool. Lincoln Park, Duluth. August 1901. (Til- den). Washington. In pool of fresh or slightly brackish water. Whidbey Island; Seattle. (Gardner).
144. Oscillatoria amphibia Agardh. Aufzahling einiger in den dstreich- ischen Landern gefundenen neuen Gattungen und Arten von Algen. Flora. 10: 632. 1827. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 241. pl. 7. f. 4, 5. 1893. De Toni. Syil. Algar. 5: 169. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. (O. tenerrima Kg.); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 310. pl. 205. f. 3. 1887. Bessey. Miscellaneous additions to the Flora of the State, and new or noteworthy species from various localities. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 46. 1893. Rosenvinge. Les Algues Marines du Groenland. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 19: 163. 1894. Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 248. 1894. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Ne- braska. 20. pl. 2. f. 18. 1894. Collins, Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the
Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127. 1896. Rosenvinge. Deuxiéme Mémoire sur les Algues Marines du Groenland. Medd. om Groen- land. 20. 121. 1808. Tilden. Observations on some West American
Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 102. pl. 9. f. 21. 1898. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 705. 1900. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants,—-V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 594. 1902. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden,—II. Rhodora. 7: 235. 1905. Boérgesen and Jonsson. The distribution of the Marine Algae of the Arctic Sea and of the northern- most part of the Atlantic. Botany of the Faeroes. Appendix. XXV. 1905.
74 Minnesota Algae
Buchanan, Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 14. 1908. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1. no. 646. 1909.
Plate IV. fig. 19, 20.
Plant mass thin, of a beautiful blue-green color; trichomes 2-3 mic. in diameter, straight or curved, fragile, not constricted at joints, curved gradually at the end; apex of trichome neither tapering nor capitate; apical cell rotund above; calyptra none; cells 4-8.5 mic. in length; transverse walls commonly marked by two protoplasmic granules; cell contents pale blue- green.
Greenland. Western part at 60° N. lat. (Rosenvinge). Eastern and western parts. (Borgesen and Jonsson). United States. Coating wood subject to hot waste water from steam engines.» Temperature about 110° F. (Wolle). Maine. In fresh water. (Holden). Massachusetts, On rocks and trunk of trees. (Collins). Connecticut. On muddy bottom of Bruce’s Brook, Bridgeport. (Holden). Texas. 1902. (Fanning). Ohio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Minnesota. In pool. Oatka Beach, Minnesota Point, Duluth. August 1901. (Tilden). Iowa. In stag- nant water and on soil. Fayette. (Fink). Effluent of the filter beds of the college sewage disposal plant; on the soil in greenhouse, Ames; pond, Eagle Grove. (Buchanan). South Dakota. Floating in large dark blue- green masses on surface of water. Lake Hendricks. August 1898. (Allen and Saunders). Nebraska. In Salt Creek; in cultures. Lincoln. (Bessey). In ditches and ponds among other algae. (Saunders). Wyoming. Lining channel of spring. Above Beehive Geyser, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellow- stone National Park. 1897. (Weed). Washington. In mud at bottom of ponds. Whidbey Island. (Gardner).
145. Oscillatoria subtilissima Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 27. pl. 38. £. 7. 1845-49. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 171. 1907.
Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903.
Trichomes 1-1.5 mic. in diameter, solitary or scattered, rarely asso- ciated in a yellowish-green mass, slender, straight or rolled in a circinate manner; cell walls inconspicuous; cell coments homogeneous, yellowish- green.
Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). Ohio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow).
146. Oscillatoria geminata Meneghini. Conspectus Algologiae euganeae. 9. 1837. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 242. pl. 7. f. 6. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 172. 1907.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. ror. 1896; List of Fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 28. 1898; Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 102. pl. 9. f. 22. 1898; American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 595. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif, Pub. Bot. 1: 183. 1903.
Plant mass dull yellowish-green; trichomes 2.3-4 mic, in diameter,
CHa Fs ; ; ‘-agile, very much constricted at joints; apex of trichome strafeht or curved, neither tapering nor capitate; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells of unequal length, 2.3-16 mic. long: transverse walls pellucid, not granulated; protoplasm containing a few large, refringent granules.
Minnesota. In arm of Mississippi River (old channel), St. Paul Park. October 1897. (Freeman). Montana. In hot water. Lo Lo Hot Springs, Lo Lo. September 1898. (Griffiths). Wyoming. Covering bottom of creek in swift current. Temperature 47.5° C. Near Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. July 1896. (Tilden). Washington. On mud by the roadside. La Conner, Skagit County. (Gardner).
147. Oscillatoria minnesotensis Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 596. 1902.
Plate IV. fig. 21.
Plant mass thin, dark blue-green; trichomes 2-5 mic. in diameter, more or less curved, especially constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight or slightly bent, neither tapering nor capitate; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; celis 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls pellucid; cell contents homogeneous.
Minnesota. On sides of stone quarry under dripping water. Near Campus, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, February 1902. (Lilley).
The plant differs from O. geminata in the length of the cells, in the absence of granules, and in its habitat. Like that species, also it resembles a Phormidium, but the trichomes when examined were oscil- lating rapidly thus showing conclusively that it was an Oscillatoria.
148. Oscillatoria chlorina Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 185. 1853. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 243. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 172. 1907.
Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 18. pl. 1. f. 1. 1872. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 311. pl. 206. f. 6. 1887. Collins. Algae of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Ne- braska. 5: 13. IQOI. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. Tg. no. gor. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 183. 1903. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes. Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 97. 1908.
Plate IV. fig. 22.
Plant mass very thin, cobwebby, yellowish green; trichomes 3.5-4 mic. in diameter, straight or curved, fragile, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight or curved, -not tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 3.7-8 mic. in length; transverse walls pellucid, not granulated; cell contents nearly homogeneous, orange or yellowish green.
Greenland, (Richter). Massachusetts. Newton. (Farlow). Penn- sylvania. In stagnant brick pond. Near Philadelphia. (Wood). Nebraska. In culture in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Bessey). Washington. Growing on decaying vegetation in a small pool, submerged about two feet. Whidbey
76 Minnesota Algae
Island. June 1901. Central America. Forming a dirty green, somewhat firm mass, looking much like a fresh-water sponge. Lake Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guatemala. 1905-1906. (Meek).
149. Oscillatoria angustissima W. and G. S. West. Welwitsch’s African Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 300, 1897. De Toni. Syl. Algar. 5: 171. 1907. West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 293. 1904. Buchanan, Notes on the Algae of Iowa; Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 14. 1908. Plant mass expanded, blue-green; trichomes .6 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, flexible, elongate, entangled; apex of trichome neither tapering nor capitate; cells .9-1.2 mic. long; transverse walls not distinct; cell contents homogeneous, light blue-green. Iowa. In pond with other algae. Ontario. (Buchanan). West Indies. Bay Estate, Barbados. (Howard).
150. Oscillatoria splendida Greville. Flora Edinensis. 305. 1824. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 244. pl. 7. £. 7, 8. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 173. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. (O. gracillima Kg.); Fresh Water Algae. III. 1. c. 6: 183. 1877; (O. lepto- trichia Kg.); Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 311. pl. 206. f. 7. 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Brit- ton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 20. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 305. 1897. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 184. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1161. 1904. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rho- dora. 7: 236. 1905.
Plate IV. fig. 23-25.
Trichomes 2-3 mic. in diameter, scattered or collected in a thin mass, straight or somewhat flexuous, elongate, not constricted at the joints; apex of trichome gradually tapering, flexuous, capitate; apical cell inflated above; calyptra none; cells 3-9 mic. in length; transverse walls marked by a few protoplasmic granules; cell contents homogeneous, blue-green.
Rhode Island. Providence. (Bennett). Connecticut. On submerged leaves in quiet water. September 1895; in a still pool with decaying vegetable matter, bed of Pequonnock River, August, September, November. (Holden). New Jersey. On small freshwater ponds; in ditches of brackish water. (Wolle). Nebraska. On basin of artesian well (salt). Lincoln. (Saun- ders). Washington. On mud in fresh water pools. Seattle. (Gardner). California. In a small stream near Berkeley. September 1901. (Gardner). Hawaii. On sides of wet rocks. Laupahoehoe, Island of Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).
Var. uncinata Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 184, pl. 19. f. 22-24. 1903. De Toni, Syll. Algar. 175. 1907.
Myxophyceae 77
Trichomes flexuous, coiled; apical cell very long, hooked.
Washington. On damp mud at the bottom of a pool nearly dried up. Oak Harbor, Whidbey Island. (Gardner).
151. Oscillatorja amoena (Kuetzing) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 245. pl. 7. f. 9. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 175. 1907.
Collins, Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127. 1806. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Ex- pedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 397. 1901.
Plate IV. fig. 26,
Trichomes 2.5-5 mic. in diameter, scattered or forming a mass, elongate, straight, flexible, slightly constricted at the joints; apex of trichome grad- ually tapering, capitate, hooked or undulate; apical cell furnished with a depressed conical calyptra; cells 2.5-4.2 mic. long (apical cell longer); trans- verse walls marked by two finely granulated lines; cell contents dull blue- green.
Alaska. Forming a soft, felt-like, dark bluish green mass, 3-Io mm. thick, of indefinite extent, lining the bottom of the outlet of a hot spring. The water in the outlet where the plant was abundant ranged from 80° F., some distance from the spring, to 120° F., near the spring. Near Sitka. (Saunders). Massachusetts, On rocks and trunks of trees. (Collins).
152. Oscillatoria subuliformis Kuetzing. Diag. und Bemerk. Algenspecies. Oster-progress. 7. 1863. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 246. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 176. 1907.
Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 33. 1881. Collins. Algae of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888; Marine Algae of Nantucket. 4. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and adjacent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: go. 1889. Wolle and Martindale, Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889. Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 248. 1894.
Plate IV. fig. 27.
Plant mass dull green; trichomes 4.7-6.5 mic. in diameter, much elon- gated, flexuous, undulating, not constricted at the joints; apex of trichome tapering for some distance, especially flexuous; apical cell obtuse, not capi- tate; calyptra none; cells 4.7-6.5 mic. in length (apical cell up to Io mic. long); cell contents finely granular, sometimes showing large refringent granules.
Maine. On rocks near Seal Harbor. (Collins). Massachusetts, Salt marshes. Charles River, Cambridge. (Farlow). Mystic River marshes; on wharves. (Collins). New Jersey. In brackish ditches and pools. Atlantic City. (Morse, Martindale). Staten Island. (Pike).
153. Oscillatoria salinarum Collins in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am., Fasc. 24. no. 1160. 1904. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 176. 1907.
78
Collins. New species, etc., issued in the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana, Rhodora, 8: 105. 1906. ee.
Trichomes 4 mic. in diameter, somewhat flexuous, sometimes coiled in a regular circle, very much constricted at joints; apex of trichome taper- ing, slightly curved, obtuse; calyptra none; cells nearly or quite as long as broad.
West Indies. Ditches of salt works. Salinas Bay, near Guanica, Porto Rico. June 1903. (Howe).
154. Oscillatoria laetevirens Crouan. Liste des Algues marine découvertes dans le Finistére, etc. Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 7: 371. 1860. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 246. pl. 7. f. 11. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 177. 1907.
Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Tilden, Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1902. 113. 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 496. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no. 1054. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 184. 1903. West. West Indian Fresh- water Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 292. 1904. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. 1905.
Plate IV. fig. 28.
' Plant mass thin, membranaceous, bright blue-green; trichomes 3-5 mic. in diameter, straight, fragile, slightly constricted at the joints; apex of trichome briefly tapering, undulating and hooked, rarely straight; apical cell more or less obtuse or somewhat pointed, not capitate; calyptra none; cells 2.5-5 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated or cell contents uni- formly granular, yellowish green.
Maine. On woodwork under old tide mill. Harpswell. July 1903. (Col- lins). Rhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut. Forming a film on old gtassy bottom, brackish marsh pool. Cook’s Point. June. (Holden). Wash- ington. In salt marsh. Head of Penn’s Cove, Whidbey Island. (Gardner). West Indies. On roots of mangroves in brackish swamp. Near Bridgetown; Graeme Hall Swamp, Barbados. (Howard). Hawaii. Forming a delicate, bright blue-green stratum covering bottom of tide pool in rocks into which water splashes at high tide. Waianae, Oahu. May 1900. (Tilden). Washings from marine algae. (Schauinsland).
155. Oscillatoria acuminata Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 247. pl. 7. f. 12. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 177. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1303. 1906. Plate IV. fig. 29.
Plant mass blue-green; trichomes 3-5 mic, in diameter, straight, fragile, sometimes slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome briefly tapering, very sharply pointed, hooked or twisted, not capitate; apical cell mucronate; calyptra none; cells 5.5-8 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated or en- tire cell contents filled with granules,
Myxophyceae 79
California. Floating in warm salt water from a power house. Oakland. October 1905, June 1906. (Gardner),
156, Oscillatoria animalis Agardh. Aufzahlung, etc. Flora. to: 632. 1827. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 247. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 178. 1907. Mazé and Schramm, Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 16. 1870-1877. (O.thermalis Crouan).
Plate IV. fig. 30.
Plant mass blue-green; trichomes 3-4 mic, in diameter, straight, fragile, not constricted at the joints; apex of trichome briefly tapering, sharply pointed, hooked or twisted, not capitate; apical cell mucronate; calyptra none; cells 1.6-5 mic. in length; transverse walls here and there granulated; protoplasmic contents finely granular.
North America, (Farlow). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé and Schramm). :
157. Oscillatoria violacea (Wallroth) Hassall. British Freshwater Algae. 254. pl. 72. f. 10. 1845. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 179. 1907.
Wolle, Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 311. pl. 206. f. 10. 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Bessey. Miscellaneous Additions to the Flora of the State, and new or noteworthy species from various localities. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 46. 1893. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta, Flora of Nebraska. 21. 1894.
Plate IV. fig. 31.
Plant mass membranaceous, dull green or lead-colored; trichomes 4-4.5 mic. in diameter, straight, narrow, tangled; apical cell drawn out to a thin point; cells shorter than the diameter of trichome; transverse walls granu- lated; cell contents finely granular, violet or sky-blue in color.
Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). Pennsylvania. Most frequent in greenhouses. (Wolle). Nebraska, In greenhouse at University. Lincoln. (Bessey, Saunders).
158. Oscillatoria brevis Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 186. 1843. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 249. pl. 7. f. 14, 15. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 180. 1907. Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877; Fresh- Water Algae. U. S. 312. pl. 207. f. 8. 1887. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 77. 1894; List of Fresh- Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 235. 1895; American Algae. Century VI. no. 597. 1902. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1158. 1904. West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 292. 1904. (Also O. subbrevis Schmidle?).
Plate IV. fig. 32.
Plant mass olive green; trichomes 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, scattered or in masses, especially straight, fragile, not constricted at joints; here and
80 Minnesota Algae
there interrupted by inflated, refringent cells; apex of trichome somewhat pointed, briefly tapering, hooked or twisted, not capitate; calyptra none; cells 1.5-2.8 mic. in diameter; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents finely granular.
New York, Forming an extended stratum on a shaded deposit of mud after an inundation. Buffalo, (Wolle). New Jersey. Fresh water, in marshes, frequent. (Wolle). Minnesota. Growing on clods of damp earth in greenhouse. St. Paul. November 1894; in pool coating bottom, submerged leaves and sticks, Lincoln Park, Duluth. (Tilden). California. Pool by roadside. North Berkeley. February 1903. (Gardner). West Indies. (Kunze). Near Bridgetown; Bay Estate, Barbados. (Howard).
Var. neapolitana (Kuetz.) Gomont. 1. c. 249. De Toni. 1. c. 181.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1304. 1906.
Trichomes 5-6.5 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome hooked or twisted.
California. In pool in salt marsh. Oakland, July 1905. (Gardner).
1s9. Oscillatoria cruenta Grunow in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: I00. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 182. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 312. pl. 206. f. 5; pl. 207. f. 1-3. 1887. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guate- mala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 96. 1908.
Plant mass mucous, dark purple; trichomes 4-7 mic. in diameter; apical cell obtuse, straight, rarely slightly curved; cells 2-4 mic. in length; trans- verse walls granulated; cell contents pale brown or blue-green.
Pennsylvania. Imbedded in large submerged hyaline or greenish or purplish, firm gelatinous masses of irregular form, averaging about the size of a man’s head. In mountain spring at about 1500 feet elevation. (Wolle). Central America. Abundant, forming a flat, gelatinous, striated stratum, brownish in color, about 4 mm. thick, obtained from the surface between pools of hot water. Laguna. January 1906. (Meek). :
160, Oscillatoria formosa Bory. Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat. 12: 474. 1827. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 250, 1893. De Toni, Syll. Algar. 5: 182.
1907. Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 16. 1870-1877. (O. thermalis). Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 192, 1896. Col-
lins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 710. 1900. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901. Collins, The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901. Tilden. Algae collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 166. 1902. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no. 1053. 103. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.
Plate IV. fig. 33.
Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, straight, elongate, flexuous, usually slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome somewhat obtuse and briefly tapering or rotund, hooked, not capitate; calyp-
Myxophyceae 81
tra none; cells 2.5-5 mic. long; transverse walls sometimes finely granulated; cell contents bright blue-green.
Canada. In tufts floating in water or on muddy bottom; in great abun- dance in the impure water just below mouth of city sewer. Kettle Creek, St. Thomas, Ontario. November 1896. (Lees). Connecticut. Floating in stagnant marsh pool near “Fresh Pond” (brackish). Stratford. May 1goo. (Holden). Minnesota. University plant house, Minneapolis. January 1897. (Tilden). Nebraska. In culture in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Bessey). California. Mountain lake, San Francisco. June 1902. (Osterhout and Gard- ner), West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé and Schramm). In still water. Roaring River, near St. Ann’s Bay. March 1893; Castleton. April 1893. (Hum- phrey). Hawaii. On sides of cliff at falls. Waialuka River, Hilo, Island of Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).
161. Oscillatoria numidica Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 251. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 183. 1907.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 78. 1894; List of fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 236. 1895; Ameri- can Algae: Cent. VI. no. 598. 1902.
Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 2.5-4 mic. in diameter, straight, fragile, constricted at joints, gradually tapering for some distance from the apex; apex of trichome curved or undulating; apical cell obtuse, not capi- tate; calyptra none; cells 2-8 mic. long; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents uniformly granular; pale blue-green.
Minnesota. In tanks clinging to water plants. Greenhouse. Minneapolis. November 1894. (Tilden). On floating leaves and grasses in pool in stone quarry. Minneapolis. October 1901. (Hone).
162. Oscillatoria cortiana Meneghini. Conspectus Algol. eugan. 8. 1837. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 251. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 183. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877;
Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 313. pl. 206. f. 15. 1887.
Plate IV. fig. 34.
’
Plant mass dull or dark blue-green; trichomes 5§.5-8 mic. in diameter, especially straight, fragile, slightly constricted at the joints, gradually ta- pering for some distance from the apex, curved or undulating at the -ex- tremity; apical cell obtuse, not capitate; calyptra none; cells 5.4-8.2 mic. in length (apical cell up to 14 mic. long); transverse walls not granulated; cell contents showing scattered protoplasmic granules, blue-green.
Pennsylvania. Floating on hot waste water at a large steam mill. Near Bethlehem. (Wolle.)
163. Oscillatoria okeni Agardh. Aufzahlung, etc. Flora. 10: 633. 1827. Go- mont. Monogr. Oscill. 252. pl. 7. f. 18. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 185. 1907. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 184. 1903.
82 Minnesota Algae
Plate IV. fig. 35.
Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 5.5-9 mic. in diameter, straight (in dried material fragile), evidently constricted at joints, gradually taper- ing for some distance from apex; apex of trichome undulating, hooked or curved at extremity; apical cell obtuse or somewhat pointed, not capitate; calyptra none; cells 2.7-4.5 mic. in length; apical cell somewhat quadrate or up to 8 mic. in length; cell contents finely granular.
Washington. In pond of brackish water. Monroe’s Landing, near Coupeville, Whidbey Island. (Gardner).
164. Oscillatoria chalybea Mertens in Jirgens. Algae aquat. Decas 13. no. 4. 1822. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 252. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 185. 1907. Wolle, Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 314. pl. 206. f. 17-21. 1887. Tilden. A new Oscillatoria from California. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 23: 58. 1896. (O. trapezoidea Tilden). Setchell. Oscillatoria trapezoidea Tilden. Erythea. 4: 69. 1896. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1001. 1903. (O.
chalybea genuina). Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.
Plate IV. fig. 36.
Plant mass dark green; trichomes 8-13 mic. in diameter, fragile, straight, or sometimes twisted in loose spirals, slightly constricted at joints, gradually tapering for a long distance from the apex; apex hooked or curved; apical cell obtuse, not capitate; calyptra none; cells 3.6-8 mic. long; transverse walls not at all or scarcely granulated; cell contents finely granular with scattered large refringent granules, dark blue-green.
North America. (Pike, Martindale, Farlow). Connecticut. Outlet of Fresh Pond; on woodwork, rocks and Enteromorpha, below Yellow Mill Bridge. May, June, November. (Holden). Florida. On wet ground, (Wolle). Ohio, Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Nebraska. In stagnant water. Waverly. (Bessey). California. Bottom of pond. Pasa- dena. October, 1895. (McClatchie). Lake Chabot, San Leandro. June 1902. (Osterhout and Gardner).
165. Oscillatoria subsalsa Agardh. Syst. Algar. 66. 1824. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 187. 1907.
Kjellman. Algae of the Arctic Sea. 323. 1883.
Plant mass dark blue-green, mucous, radiating; trichomes 8-10 mic. in diameter, straight, somewhat constricted at joints; apex of trichome equal or slightly tapering, obtuse, straight or curved; cells 4-5 mic. in length; cell contents granular, pale blue-green.
Greenland, “According to a label it grows ‘in fossis submarinis.’ Baffin Bay: Tessarmiut on the west coast of Greenland according to specimens in the herbarium of the Copenhagen Museum.”—Kjellman.
166. Oscillatoria percursa Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 189. 1843. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 187. 1907.
Mackenzie. A preliminary list of Algae collected in the neighborhood of Toronto. Proc. of Can. Inst. III. 7: 270. i8go.
Plant mass thin, green; trichomes 15.5-18.5 mic. in diameter, some- times solitary, straight; apex of trichome usually curved, somewhat taper- ing, obtuse-truncate; cells 4-6 mic. in length; dissepiments evidently gran- ulated; cell contents very finely granular, pale blue-green.
Canada. High Park, Toronto. (Mackenzie).
167. Oscillatoria boryana Bory. Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat. 12: 465. 1827. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 254. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 188. 1907.
_ Tilden, Notes on a collection of Algae from Guatemala. Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash. 21: 153. 1908.
Plate IV. fig. 37, 38.
Plant mass dark lead-colored; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, forming a Jax and regular spiral through their entire length, or straight and hooked at the apex, flexuous, constricted at joints; apex of trichome more or less pointed, not capitate; apical cell rotund or acute conical; calyptra none; cells 4-6 mic. in length; transverse walls here and there finely granulated; cell contents showing a few protoplasmic granules.
Central America. Forming a dark velvety mass in a small stream of warm water a little distance from a hot spring on bank of river. Altitude 3,950 feet. Rio Michatoya, near Lake Amatitlan. January 1906. (Kellerman).
168. Oscillatoria terebriformis Agardh. Aufzahlung, etc. Flora. 10: 634. 1827, Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 254. pl. 7. f. 24. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 189. 1907. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127. 1896.
Plate 1V. fig. 39.
Plant mass dark lead-colored; trichomes 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, flex- uous, straight below, loosely spiralled and terebriform above, not con- stricted at joints; apex of trichome slightly tapering, rarely hooked; api- cal cell rotund or truncate; calyptra none; cells 2.5-6 mic. in length; trans- verse walls usually granulated.
Massachusetts. On rocks and trunks of ny (Collins).
169. Oscillatoria subtorulosa (Brébisson) Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 33. 1881. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: I91. 1907.
Hay and Mackay. List of the Marine Algae of the Maritime Provinces of Canada, with Notes. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada. 5: 1887. Collins. Marine Algae of Nantucket. 4. 1888.
Trichomes 3-4 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints; cells nearly quadrate. ‘
84 Minnesota Algae
Canada. On floating balls of Polysiphonia. Pictou Harbor, Nova Scotia. (Mackay). Maine, Forming slimy patches on wharves. Eastport. (Farlow). Massachusetts. Wood’s Holl. (Farlow).
Genus TRICHODESMIUM Ebrenberg. Ann, Physik. u, Chemie. 18: 506, 1830.
Plants forming scale-like, disconnected, free-floating colonies quickly dissolving into mucous; trichomes cylindrical, without sheaths; apex of trichome straight, tapering, slightly capitate; apical cell truncate-conical, furnished with a convex calyptra.
Floating in great abundance in the ocean, especially in equatorial re- gions. 3 I Trichomes straight. T. erythraeum
II Trichomes flexuous or spirally twisted.
1 Colonies up to 6 mm. in length; trichomes 7-16 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, those in center of colony having the form
of twisted ropes, free at the ends T. thiebautii 2 Colonies spirally twisted, light yellow; trichomes 16-25 mic. in diame- ter, twisted together into cords. T. contortum
170. Trichodesmium erythraeum Ehrenberg. Neue Beobachtungen iiber blutartige Erscheinungen in Aegyptien, Arabien und Siberien. In Poggendorf. Ann, Physik. u. Chem. 18: 506. 1830. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 216. pl. 5. f. 27-30. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 202. 1907.
Montagne. Mémoire sur le phénoméne de la coloration des eaux de la
Mer Rouge. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 2: 360. pl. 10. f. d. 1844. (T. hindsii).
Plate IV. fig. 40.
Colonies very short, scarcely I mm in length, purplish red (when dried grayish green or dark brown); trichomes 7-11, rarely up to 21 mic. in diameter, straight, parallel, constricted at joints, the more slender ones with apices gradually tapering, the larger ones with apices very briefly tapering; cells 5.4-11 mic. in length; cell contents coarsely granular.
Central America. In dense masses of a beautiful red color, on surface of ocean. The odor was pronounced and very disagreeable. San Salvador. 14° lat. N. April 1837. (Hinds).
It is interesting to note that it is the presence of this alga which has caused the Red Sea to be so named. :
171. Trichodesmium thiebautii Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées homo- cystées. Morot. Journ, de Bot. 4: 356. 1890; Monogr. Oscill. 217. pl. 6. f. 2-4. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 203. 1907.
West Jun., W. Some Oscillarioideae from the Plankton. Journ, of Bot. 27: 337. 1899. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. 1905.
Plate IV. fig. 41, 42.
Colonies up to 6 mm. in length (in dried material dark green); trich-
Myxophyceae 85
omes 7-16 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, those in center of colony having the form of twisted ropes, free at the ends; apex of trich- ome briefly tapering or sometimes inflated; cells 8-26 mic. in length, rarely somewhat quadrate; transverse walls often granulated; cell contents coarse- ly granular,
West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Thiebaut). In plankton. (Murray and Black- man. Hawaii. In plankton between the islands of Hawaii and Laysan. 1896-1897. (Schauinsland).
172. Trichodesmium contortum Wille in Brandt. Nordisches Plankton. Lief. 2. Abt. 20. 18. f. 14. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 204. 1907. Lemmermann, Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. 1905.
Plate IV. fig. 43.
Colonies spirally twisted, light yellow; trichomes 16-25 mic. in diame- ter, twisted together into cords; cells somewhat quadrate; cell contents uniformly granular,
Hawaii, In plankton between the Islands of Hawaii and Laysan. 1896- 1897. (Schauinsland).
Genus ARTHROSPIRA Stizenberger. Hedwigia. 1: 32. 1852.
Trichomes multicellular, cylindrical, without a sheath, forming a very regular, more or less loose spiral; apex of trichome sometimes tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none.
I. Trichomes 5-8 mic. in diameter, forming a loose spiral 9-15 mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns being 21-31 mic. A, jenneri
Il Trichomes 2.5-3 mic. in diameter, forming a rather loose spiral about 6 mic, in diameter, the distance between the turns being 16-18 mic. A. gomontiana
173. Arthrospira jenneri (Kuetzing) Stizenberger. Spirulina and Arthro- spira. Hedwigia. 1: 32. 1852. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 267. pl. 7. f. 26. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 206. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 323. pl. 210. f. 2. 1887. (Spirulina jenneri Kuetz.) Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Til- den, List of fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 31. 1894. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 23. pl. 1. f. 7. 1894. Riddle. Algae from Sandusky Bay. Ohio Nat. 3: 317. 1902. Brown. Algal periodicity in certain ponds and streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 248. 1908.
Plate IV. fig. 44.
Plant mass thin; trichomes 5-8 mic. in diameter, often growing among other algae, fragile, forming a loose ‘spiral 9-15 mic. in diameter, sometimes slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering, nor capitate; cells quadrate or shorter than the diameter, 4-5 mic. long; transverse walls sometimes finely granulated; cell contents scarcely granular, dark blue- green.
Rhode Island. Quidnessett. (Bennett). New York, In some